CMSRN Exam TEST BANK | Questions with
Verified Answers -100% Correct – Latest 2025
/2026- Grade A.
What do diuretics do?
✓ alter volume and/or body fluid composition
What are diuretics used to treat? (4)
1. HTN
2. Heart failure
3. Kidney failure
4. Cirrhosis
anything that causes a back up of fluid
What is the basic urine forming unit of our kidney called?
✓ nephron
How many nephrons does each kidney contain about?
✓ 1 million
How much urine (ml) is typically produced per min?
✓ 1ml/min
What are the name of the arterioles that enter and exit the glomerulus?
1. afferent arteriole - enters
2. efferent arteriole - exits
5 main components of a nephron
1. Glomerulus - main filtering apparatus
2. PCT - reabsorption
3. Descending and Ascending limb - Loop of Henle
1|Page
, 4. DCT - Na and Cl
5. Collecting duct - ALDO and ADH act here
What % of filtered solute is reabsorbed in the loop of henle?
✓ 25%
What parts of the nephron are considered the diluting segment of the nephron?
✓ ascending limb and DCT
What percentage of the fluid that enters the glomerulus is eventually reabsorbed?
✓ 99% either actively or passively
Tubular reabsorption
- define
✓ when substances pass from the tubule back into the bloodstream
(tube --> blood)
RAA axis
- state what the abbreviation stands for
✓ Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Axis
What does the RAA regulate? (4)
1. sodium - thus water (fluid)
2. potassium
3. fluid balance
4. BP
Renin
- what is it?
- what is its function?
- an enzyme synthesized and stored in the juxtaglomerular cells (Kidney)
- converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
Give the steps of the RAA pathway
✓ Angiotensinogen --> Renin --> Angiotensin 1 --> ACE --> Angiotensin II
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
- what is it?
2|Page
Verified Answers -100% Correct – Latest 2025
/2026- Grade A.
What do diuretics do?
✓ alter volume and/or body fluid composition
What are diuretics used to treat? (4)
1. HTN
2. Heart failure
3. Kidney failure
4. Cirrhosis
anything that causes a back up of fluid
What is the basic urine forming unit of our kidney called?
✓ nephron
How many nephrons does each kidney contain about?
✓ 1 million
How much urine (ml) is typically produced per min?
✓ 1ml/min
What are the name of the arterioles that enter and exit the glomerulus?
1. afferent arteriole - enters
2. efferent arteriole - exits
5 main components of a nephron
1. Glomerulus - main filtering apparatus
2. PCT - reabsorption
3. Descending and Ascending limb - Loop of Henle
1|Page
, 4. DCT - Na and Cl
5. Collecting duct - ALDO and ADH act here
What % of filtered solute is reabsorbed in the loop of henle?
✓ 25%
What parts of the nephron are considered the diluting segment of the nephron?
✓ ascending limb and DCT
What percentage of the fluid that enters the glomerulus is eventually reabsorbed?
✓ 99% either actively or passively
Tubular reabsorption
- define
✓ when substances pass from the tubule back into the bloodstream
(tube --> blood)
RAA axis
- state what the abbreviation stands for
✓ Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Axis
What does the RAA regulate? (4)
1. sodium - thus water (fluid)
2. potassium
3. fluid balance
4. BP
Renin
- what is it?
- what is its function?
- an enzyme synthesized and stored in the juxtaglomerular cells (Kidney)
- converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
Give the steps of the RAA pathway
✓ Angiotensinogen --> Renin --> Angiotensin 1 --> ACE --> Angiotensin II
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
- what is it?
2|Page
