HIV/AIDS: A Comprehensive Review Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions

HIV/AIDS: A Comprehensive Review Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions What is the primary way HIV is transmitted? Through contact with infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or breast milk. How does antiretroviral therapy (ART) help people with HIV? It reduces the viral load, strengthens the immune system, and prevents transmission. Why is early HIV testing important? It allows for early treatment, reduces transmission, and improves long-term health outcomes. What is the significance of an undetectable viral load? It means the virus is so low in the blood that it cannot be transmitted through sex. What type of cells does HIV primarily attack? CD4+ T cells, which are crucial for immune system function. 2 How can HIV be prevented in healthcare settings? By using standard precautions such as gloves, proper disposal of needles, and hand hygiene. Why should people living with HIV avoid raw or undercooked foods? To prevent foodborne infections due to a weakened immune system. What is PrEP and who should take it? Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a daily medication for people at high risk of HIV to prevent infection. What should someone do if they believe they were exposed to HIV? Start post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) within 72 hours and continue for 28 days. Why is medication adherence important for people with HIV? Skipping doses can lead to drug resistance and treatment failure. How does HIV progress to AIDS? 3 When the immune system becomes severely weakened, making the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections. What is an opportunistic infection? An infection that occurs when the immune system is too weak to fight it off. Why is routine HIV screening recommended for sexually active individuals? To detect infections early and prevent unintentional transmission. Can a mother with HIV give birth to a healthy baby? Yes, with proper treatment during pregnancy, delivery, and after birth. What is the main goal of HIV treatment? To suppress the virus, improve immune function, and extend life expectancy. What is the window period in HIV testing? The time between exposure and when HIV can be detected by a test.