HPDP FINAL EXAM COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What are the three most common types of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Coronary heart disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Peripheral vascular disease
What percentage of elderly have Coronary heart disease? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅25%
What is the leading cause of death for males at age 50? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Coronary heart
disease
What is the leading cause of death for females at age 65? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Coronary heart
disease
HTN is highest among what race? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅African Americans (then American
Indians)
What is the #1 modifiable risk factor for CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Smoking
What is the #1 cause of death in the US? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅CVD
Has CVD increased or decreased over the past 20 years? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Decreased
(especially among males)
Has Coronary Heart Disease increased or decreased over the past 20 years? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Decreased (especially MIs)
Has Cerebrovascular Disease increased or decreased over the past 20 years? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Decreased (especially among Blacks)
,What is the leading cause of CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Smoking
What are the Framingham Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Hypertension
Age
Total cholesterol
Systolic BP
Sex
Smoking
What is the desirable upper limit of total cholesterol? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅200
What are two factors of LDLs that worsen a prognosis for CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Smaller
size LDLs
LDLs that are easily oxidized
What are three ways to decrease LDL? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Decrease dietary fat
Decrease obesity
Decrease smoking
How do you calculate VLDL? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Triglycerides/5 from a fasting sample
How do you calculate total cholesterol? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅HDL + LDL+ VLDL
What drugs lower the quantity of LDLs? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Statins
What drugs increase the size of LDLs? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Niacin
Gemfibrozil
, What drugs lower oxidizing potential of LDLs? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Selenium
What are the desired levels of LDL? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅If 0-1 CVD risk factors: <160 mg/dL
If 2+ CVD risk factors and Framingham <20%: <130 mg/dL
If 2+ CVD risk factors and Framingham >20%: <100 mg/dL
What is the recommended levels for Triglycerides? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅<150 mg/dL
What is considered a "high" level of Triglycerides? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅>200 mg/dL
What factors exacerbate HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Sodium intake
Alcohol
Smoking
Polycythemia
NSAID use
Estogen use if >35 yrs old
What are complications of HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅HTN cardiovascular disease
HTN cerebrovascular disease
HTN renal disease
Aortic dissection
Atherosclerotic complications
How do you define Metabolic Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Any three of the following:
-Waist circumference > 102 cm in men or >88 cm in women
ANSWERS
What are the three most common types of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Coronary heart disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Peripheral vascular disease
What percentage of elderly have Coronary heart disease? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅25%
What is the leading cause of death for males at age 50? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Coronary heart
disease
What is the leading cause of death for females at age 65? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Coronary heart
disease
HTN is highest among what race? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅African Americans (then American
Indians)
What is the #1 modifiable risk factor for CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Smoking
What is the #1 cause of death in the US? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅CVD
Has CVD increased or decreased over the past 20 years? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Decreased
(especially among males)
Has Coronary Heart Disease increased or decreased over the past 20 years? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Decreased (especially MIs)
Has Cerebrovascular Disease increased or decreased over the past 20 years? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Decreased (especially among Blacks)
,What is the leading cause of CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Smoking
What are the Framingham Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Hypertension
Age
Total cholesterol
Systolic BP
Sex
Smoking
What is the desirable upper limit of total cholesterol? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅200
What are two factors of LDLs that worsen a prognosis for CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Smaller
size LDLs
LDLs that are easily oxidized
What are three ways to decrease LDL? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Decrease dietary fat
Decrease obesity
Decrease smoking
How do you calculate VLDL? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Triglycerides/5 from a fasting sample
How do you calculate total cholesterol? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅HDL + LDL+ VLDL
What drugs lower the quantity of LDLs? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Statins
What drugs increase the size of LDLs? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Niacin
Gemfibrozil
, What drugs lower oxidizing potential of LDLs? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Selenium
What are the desired levels of LDL? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅If 0-1 CVD risk factors: <160 mg/dL
If 2+ CVD risk factors and Framingham <20%: <130 mg/dL
If 2+ CVD risk factors and Framingham >20%: <100 mg/dL
What is the recommended levels for Triglycerides? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅<150 mg/dL
What is considered a "high" level of Triglycerides? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅>200 mg/dL
What factors exacerbate HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Sodium intake
Alcohol
Smoking
Polycythemia
NSAID use
Estogen use if >35 yrs old
What are complications of HTN? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅HTN cardiovascular disease
HTN cerebrovascular disease
HTN renal disease
Aortic dissection
Atherosclerotic complications
How do you define Metabolic Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Any three of the following:
-Waist circumference > 102 cm in men or >88 cm in women
