Microbiology Exam 1 Chapters One to Four Revised 2025

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to... - Correct Answer-...view protozoa and bacteria called ANIMALCULES. Who developed the technique of vaccination to prevent smallpox? - Correct Answer-Edward Jenner Who advocated handwashing to prevent puerperal sepsis? - Correct Answer-Ignaz Semmelweis Who is responsible for infection control and epidemiology? - Correct Answer-John Snow Who disproved spontaneous generation? - Correct Answer-Louis Pasteur Robert Koch was involved in research on all of the following topics except... A) the cause of anthrax. B) the cause of fermentation. C) development of a method to prove the cause of an infectious disease. D) the cause of tuberculosis. E) techniques for isolating microbes in the laboratory. - Correct Answer-...the cause of fermentation. The microbial production of alcohol from sugar is known as? - Correct Answer-Fermentation Microorganisms characterized by the absence of a nucleus are called? - Correct Answer-Prokaryotes The microbes commonly known as _____ are single-celled eukaryotes that possess no cell wall and are generally motile. - Correct Answer-Protozoa Which of the following statements about fungi is false? A) Fungi are eukaryotes. B) Molds form hyphae. C) Fungi have a cell wall. D) Fungi are photosynthetic. E) Yeasts are unicellular - Correct Answer-Fungi are photosynthetic. Which of the following is not a characteristic of protozoa? A) Most exhibit asexual reproduction. B) They are single-celled organisms. C) They are eukaryotic organisms. D) They are the microbes most similar to plants. E) They frequently possess cilia or flagella. - Correct Answer-They are the microbes most similar to plants. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses? A) They are visible with a light microscope. B) They are acellular. C) They are composed of genetic material and protein. D) They are smaller than prokaryotic cells. E) They are obligatory parasites. - Correct Answer-They are visible with a light microscope. Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms? A) glycocalyces B) flagella C) cell wall D) pili - Correct Answer-Glycocalyces Which of the following is (are) (a) magnifying lens(es)? A) condenser B) objective C) ocular D) dark-field stop E) both the objective and the ocular - Correct Answer-Both the objective and the ocular. All of the following are associated with smear preparation except? A) agglutination of the specimen B) spreading the specimen onto a slide C) killing the microbes in the specimen D) fixation using methanol or formalin E) fixation using heat - Correct Answer-Agglutination of the speciman. What distinguishes bacteria from archaea? - Correct Answer-The cell of bacteria are composed of peptidoglycan. What tells you how many protons are in an atom? - Correct Answer-Atomic number. The subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom are? - Correct Answer-Protons, neutrons. What is matter composed of only one kind of atom? - Correct Answer-Element. Matter composed of two or more different kinds of atoms chemically combined? - Correct Answer-Compound What is the smallest unit of an element? - Correct Answer-Atom What are two or more atoms chemically combined called? - Correct Answer-Molecule Name an organic compound. (Must include carbon and hydrogen.) - Correct Answer-CH4 pH is the measurement of the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution. As the concentration of ions increases, pH goes... - Correct Answer-...down. What is the polymer to the monomer carbohydrate? - Correct Answer-Monosaccharide What is the polymer to the monomer protein? - Correct Answer-Amino acid. What is the polymer to the monomer lipid? - Correct Answer-Glycerol, fatty acid. What is the polymer to the monomer nucleic acid? - Correct Answer-Nucleotides A nucleotide molecule used for the temporary storage of high energy is? - Correct Answer-ATP Name a structure that is not a component of all cells. - Correct Answer-Cell wall. The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called what? - Correct Answer-Fimbriae The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called? - Correct Answer-Sex pili. What is composed primarily of phospholipids and proteins (phospholipid bilayer). - Correct Answer-The cell membrane. Crenation, the shriveling of cells due to loss of water, occurs when cells are placed in what type of solution? - Correct Answer-Hypertonic Which of the following cell parts is mismatched with its function? - Correct Answer-Glycocalyx: holds genetic information. What is a dormant, resistant cell formed during unfavorable conditions? - Correct Answer-Endospore Resolution is best described as? - Correct Answer-The ability to distinguish between two adjacent objects. What is the purpose of staining samples? - Correct Answer-To increase the contrast and visibility of the specimen. In the binomial system of nomenclature, which term is always written in lowercase letters? - Correct Answer-Specific epithet (species). If you have a sugar and water solution, sugar would be - Correct Answer-Solute What is not a passive process? - Correct Answer-Bulk or group translocations. What type of microscope would be most suitable for viewing a virus? - Correct Answer-Transmission electron microscope.