Summary Physio 1 Exam IV Study Guide Part 1

Lecture Exam IV Study Guide Part 1
Digestive System

- Review the functions and anatomy of the digestive system.
o General Functions
 Digestion of macromolecules (food) into monomers
 Accomplished mechanically and chemically
 Absorption of monomers into circulatory system
 Monomers used in catabolic and anabolic reactions
 Absorption of H2O, ions, vitamins, medications, etc
o Anatomy
 Gastrointestinal Tract (GI Tract)
 Mouth to anus (30ft)
o Oral cavity/mouth
o Pharynx
o Esophagus
o Stomach
o Small Intestine
o Large Intestine
o Anus
 “Disassembly line”
o Functions of GI Tract
 Motility
 Movement of food through tract
 Secretion
 Exocrine secretions
o Digestive enzymes, acid, mucus, water, bicarbonate
 Endocrine secretions
o Hormones
 Digestion
 Mechanical and enzymatic
 Absorption
 Movement of monomers to circulatory system
 Storage and elimination
 Indigestible food
 Immune Barrier
 Tight junctions seal GI tract
 Leukocytes - second line of defense
- Be able to describe how carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are digested & absorbed
along the GI tract.
o For the absorbed monomers, know the catabolic and anabolic uses in the body.
 Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates

,  Begins in mouth, finishes in small intestine
 Pancreatic juice secreted by the pancreas contains pancreatic amylase
o Secreted into duodenum
o Digests starch into maltose, maltotriose, oligosaccharides
 Brush border enzymes (remain on the brush border)
o Maltase: maltose  2 glucoses
o Sucrase: sucrose  glucose and fructose
o Lactase: lactose  glucose and galactose




o Simple sugars are absorbed and move to liver first!