NASM CPT Final Exam :Glossary of Key Terms
• Diagnosing disease or injury - ansnot part of our scope of practice refer to a licensed physician
• Energy pathways and when they are utilized in exercise (e.g., which ones
are most likely being used during a 40-yard sprint vs. a 90-minute
endurance race?). - ansa 90 minute endurance- aerobic metabolism
a 40 yd sprint: ATP phosphocreatine
acceleration - ansthe rate at which an object is increasing in speed
acidosis - ansthe accumulation of excessive hydrogen ions in the body, causing increased acidity of the blood
and muscle.
action stage transthoeretical model - ansexercise regularly but it hasnt been for 6months just yet. plan to
maintain
Active Flexibility - ansActive flexibility uses self-myofascial release and active-isolated stretching techniques.
Active-isolated stretching is designed to improve the extensibility of soft tissue and increase neuromuscular
efficiency by using reciprocal inhibition. Active-isolated stretching allows for agonists and synergists muscles to
move a limb through a full range of motion while functional antagonists are being stretched. For example,
supine straight-leg raise uses hip flexors and quads to raise leg and hold it unsupported, whiel antagonist
hamstring complex is stretched. Active flexibility appropriate at strength levels(phase 2,3, and 4) of OPT model.
active force - ansmuscle tension that is generated by its contractile elements
acute variables for each opt phase - ansMuscular endurance and stabilization is best developed with intensity
of 50 to 70% 1RM
Hypertrophy achieved with 75 to 85% 1RM
Maximal strength with 85 to 100% 1RM
Power with 30 to 45% 1RM
,afferent neurons - ansnerve impulse that move toward the spinal cord and brain from the periphery of the
body and are sensory in nature.
AGILITY - ansABILITY TO MAINTAIN CENTER OF GRAVITY OVER A CHANGING BASE OF SUPPORT WHILE
CHANGING DIRECTION AT VARIOUS SPEEDS
agonists - ansmuscles that work as the prime mover in an exercise
altered arthrokinematics - ansaltered joint motion caused by altered length tension relationships and force
couple relationships that affects the joints and causes poor movement efficiency.
altered neuromuscular efficiency - answhen the kinetic chain is not performing optimally to control the body in
all three planes of motion
altered reciprocal inhibition - ansprocess by which a short muscle, a tight muscle and or myofascial adhesions
in the muscle cause decreased neural drive of its functional antagonist.
amino acids - ansthe building blocks of proteins composed of a central carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, an
amino group, a carboxyl group and an R-group.
AMORTIZATION PHASE - ansSECOND PHASE OF THE INTEGRATED PERFORMANCE PARADIGM REQUIRING AN
ISOMETRIC MUSCLE CONTRACTION
ancillary revenue - ansrevenue beyond the sale of memberships and services generated by the direct sale of
products to customers.
antagonists - ansmuscles that oppose the prime mover
anterior - ansfront of the body
,apendicular skeleton - ansportion of the skeleton that includes the bones that connect to the spinal column
including upper and lower extremities.
aponeurosis - ansa white tendinous sheet that attaches muscle to bone
Application to goal-setting principles (e.g., what can a trainer do to help a
client reach their goals?). - ansSelf-monitoring
-usually done in the form of daily written record of the behavior that a client is trying to change
-exercise log
-inclue time, exercises, calories expended, and perceived heart rate, how much sleep at night, type of foods
eaten, emotional feelings
Psyching Up
-use other techniques used to get psyched up for other situation in life
-important to use outside examples of how your client gets psyched up for work, shopping, projects
-list of positive thoughts, keywords, imagery, specific food, music
-figuring out what works in different situations on different days and during different times
Appropriate tempo for all exercises. - ansMuscular endurance and stabilization is best developed with slow rep
tempo. One example would be 4 sec eccentric, 2 sec isometric, 1 sec concentric(4/2/1).
Hypertrophy is achieved at moderate tempo, one example would be 2 second eccentric, 0 isometric, and 2
second concentric.(2/0/2)
arteries - ansvessels that transport blood away from the heart
arthrokinematics - ansmotions of the joints in the body
Aspects of proper spotting technique. - ansspot the wrists on a strength exercise
, Assessments that can be performed on special populations (e.g., a
pregnant client) - ansPush, pull, overhead squat
Single-leg squat or balance
atrioventricular node - anssmall mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers located on the wall of the right
atrium of the heart that receives impulses from the SA node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles.
atrioventricular valves - ansvalves that allow for proper blood flow from the atria to the ventricles.
Atrium - ansSuperior(upper) chamber of the heart that receives blood from veins and forces it into ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood.
axial skeleton - ansportion of the skeletal system consists of the bones of the skull, ribcage and vertebral
column
axon - ansa cylindrical projection from the cell body that transmits nerve impulses to other neurons or effector
sites
best time to consume macronutrients during activity - ans6 and 10g/kg/day of carbs is recommended. 45 to
65% of total caloric intake. Complex carbs constitute majority of calories.
Before exercise consume high carb meal 2 to 4 hours. Glycogen stores are lowered by as much as 80% in the
mornings.
Endurance athletes consume between 30 and 60g of carbs every hour to maintain blood glucose levels.
best ways to achieve weight loss through nutritional concepts - ansSmall decreases in food and beverage
calories and increase physical activity.
Distribute protein, carbs, and fat throughout day.
Consume less than 10% of cals from saturated fat.
• Diagnosing disease or injury - ansnot part of our scope of practice refer to a licensed physician
• Energy pathways and when they are utilized in exercise (e.g., which ones
are most likely being used during a 40-yard sprint vs. a 90-minute
endurance race?). - ansa 90 minute endurance- aerobic metabolism
a 40 yd sprint: ATP phosphocreatine
acceleration - ansthe rate at which an object is increasing in speed
acidosis - ansthe accumulation of excessive hydrogen ions in the body, causing increased acidity of the blood
and muscle.
action stage transthoeretical model - ansexercise regularly but it hasnt been for 6months just yet. plan to
maintain
Active Flexibility - ansActive flexibility uses self-myofascial release and active-isolated stretching techniques.
Active-isolated stretching is designed to improve the extensibility of soft tissue and increase neuromuscular
efficiency by using reciprocal inhibition. Active-isolated stretching allows for agonists and synergists muscles to
move a limb through a full range of motion while functional antagonists are being stretched. For example,
supine straight-leg raise uses hip flexors and quads to raise leg and hold it unsupported, whiel antagonist
hamstring complex is stretched. Active flexibility appropriate at strength levels(phase 2,3, and 4) of OPT model.
active force - ansmuscle tension that is generated by its contractile elements
acute variables for each opt phase - ansMuscular endurance and stabilization is best developed with intensity
of 50 to 70% 1RM
Hypertrophy achieved with 75 to 85% 1RM
Maximal strength with 85 to 100% 1RM
Power with 30 to 45% 1RM
,afferent neurons - ansnerve impulse that move toward the spinal cord and brain from the periphery of the
body and are sensory in nature.
AGILITY - ansABILITY TO MAINTAIN CENTER OF GRAVITY OVER A CHANGING BASE OF SUPPORT WHILE
CHANGING DIRECTION AT VARIOUS SPEEDS
agonists - ansmuscles that work as the prime mover in an exercise
altered arthrokinematics - ansaltered joint motion caused by altered length tension relationships and force
couple relationships that affects the joints and causes poor movement efficiency.
altered neuromuscular efficiency - answhen the kinetic chain is not performing optimally to control the body in
all three planes of motion
altered reciprocal inhibition - ansprocess by which a short muscle, a tight muscle and or myofascial adhesions
in the muscle cause decreased neural drive of its functional antagonist.
amino acids - ansthe building blocks of proteins composed of a central carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, an
amino group, a carboxyl group and an R-group.
AMORTIZATION PHASE - ansSECOND PHASE OF THE INTEGRATED PERFORMANCE PARADIGM REQUIRING AN
ISOMETRIC MUSCLE CONTRACTION
ancillary revenue - ansrevenue beyond the sale of memberships and services generated by the direct sale of
products to customers.
antagonists - ansmuscles that oppose the prime mover
anterior - ansfront of the body
,apendicular skeleton - ansportion of the skeleton that includes the bones that connect to the spinal column
including upper and lower extremities.
aponeurosis - ansa white tendinous sheet that attaches muscle to bone
Application to goal-setting principles (e.g., what can a trainer do to help a
client reach their goals?). - ansSelf-monitoring
-usually done in the form of daily written record of the behavior that a client is trying to change
-exercise log
-inclue time, exercises, calories expended, and perceived heart rate, how much sleep at night, type of foods
eaten, emotional feelings
Psyching Up
-use other techniques used to get psyched up for other situation in life
-important to use outside examples of how your client gets psyched up for work, shopping, projects
-list of positive thoughts, keywords, imagery, specific food, music
-figuring out what works in different situations on different days and during different times
Appropriate tempo for all exercises. - ansMuscular endurance and stabilization is best developed with slow rep
tempo. One example would be 4 sec eccentric, 2 sec isometric, 1 sec concentric(4/2/1).
Hypertrophy is achieved at moderate tempo, one example would be 2 second eccentric, 0 isometric, and 2
second concentric.(2/0/2)
arteries - ansvessels that transport blood away from the heart
arthrokinematics - ansmotions of the joints in the body
Aspects of proper spotting technique. - ansspot the wrists on a strength exercise
, Assessments that can be performed on special populations (e.g., a
pregnant client) - ansPush, pull, overhead squat
Single-leg squat or balance
atrioventricular node - anssmall mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers located on the wall of the right
atrium of the heart that receives impulses from the SA node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles.
atrioventricular valves - ansvalves that allow for proper blood flow from the atria to the ventricles.
Atrium - ansSuperior(upper) chamber of the heart that receives blood from veins and forces it into ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood.
axial skeleton - ansportion of the skeletal system consists of the bones of the skull, ribcage and vertebral
column
axon - ansa cylindrical projection from the cell body that transmits nerve impulses to other neurons or effector
sites
best time to consume macronutrients during activity - ans6 and 10g/kg/day of carbs is recommended. 45 to
65% of total caloric intake. Complex carbs constitute majority of calories.
Before exercise consume high carb meal 2 to 4 hours. Glycogen stores are lowered by as much as 80% in the
mornings.
Endurance athletes consume between 30 and 60g of carbs every hour to maintain blood glucose levels.
best ways to achieve weight loss through nutritional concepts - ansSmall decreases in food and beverage
calories and increase physical activity.
Distribute protein, carbs, and fat throughout day.
Consume less than 10% of cals from saturated fat.
