PY 370 Test 4 Questions With
Complete Solutions
Francis Cecil Sumner was the 1st African American to - ANSWER get a PhD in
psychology
Early Chinese psychology in the 20th century was heavily influenced by - ANSWER
Japanese scholars
Name at least 3 obstacles that American women choosing a career in psychology faced
in 1920s - ANSWER Social tradition; gender prejudice; and common practice of
allocating women to assisting positions
On the basis of measurements of the Army Testing Project, psychologists wanted to
create categories of the recruits according to their - ANSWER Mental abilities
A particular issue with which the physicians at Ellis Island had to contend during testing
procedure was the identification of cases of - ANSWER mental deficiency
Name the difference between the Alpha & Beta tests - ANSWER The Army Alpha Test
was designed for literate groups and the Army Beta for those who were illiterate, had
very poor English written skills, or were non-English speakers. The Alpha test contained
eight subtests on analogies, questions on everyday judgments, understanding of
directions given, simple arithmetic problems, and so on. The Beta test included picture
completion, drawing, and symbol recognition.
Mental surveys were designed to study - ANSWER mental capacity
Psychologists at the Iowa Child Welfare Station studied mainly - ANSWER ordinary
children
What was the contribution of the Iowa Child Welfare Station to the nature-nurture
debate? - ANSWER IQ could be changed by deliberate effort in a particular social and
education environment.
Where was the Hawthorne manufacturing plant? - ANSWER Chicago
Who is the founder of sports psychology in the US? - ANSWER Coleman Griffin
What is the Hawthorne effect? - ANSWER A positive effect of properly organized work
relationships on workers' productivity and satisfaction.
What were Vygotsky's university degree? - ANSWER Law & history/philosophy
What is cultural medication in Vygotsky's theory of human consciousness? - ANSWER
, Every psychological function, thinking as an example, appears twice. First, It is an
"outside" social activity or learning. Second, this learning is internalized as thinking.
Human consciousness therefore should be understood in the context of interaction of an
individual with the outside world. The essence of human consciousness is in its unity
with the cultural environment.
What are the practical applications of Vygotsky's idea of the zone of proximal
development? - ANSWER Not only do teachers and parents follow and accommodate
children but also challenge, accelerate, improve, and enhance their potential.
The formal operations stage according to Piaget develops after age - ANSWER 11
Piaget spent most of his professional life at the - ANSWER University of Geneva
What was the essence of Piaget's interview method? - ANSWER Piaget asked children to
solve certain problems or perform educational tasks. First, he would ask a child a
standard question and record an answer. Then, he would ask the child additional,
nonstandard questions based on the responses. Piaget emphasized the importance of
giving full attention to the child, stressing listening, refraining from arguing, paying
attention to what the child does, and helping the child say what she or he wants to say.
Piaget's main task was not only to record and interpret the child's words but also to see
how the words and sentences relate to the task that the child performs.
What is genetic epistemology? - ANSWER Attempts to explain knowledge (scientific
knowledgein particular) from the standpoint of knowledge's history.
A method requiring participants to explore their own internal conflicts through acting
out their emotions in front of one another was called - ANSWER psychodrama
What is the difference between personality & character? - ANSWER Character is rather
a moral category. Personality refers to the objective self, the fundamental adjustment
patterns that an individual forms over the course of his or her experience.
What is the authoritarian personality? - ANSWER Such individuals are prone to mystical
thinking and prejudice against particular social groups. They are obedient to authority
figures, resistant to innovation, and prone to anger and violence. These
individuals—because of their psychological features—eagerly accept limits on their
freedom and accept social injustice.
This term was coined by German psychologist William Stern and stood for the branch of
applied psychology directed toward treatment of human problems: - ANSWER
psychotechnics
This was an approach initiated by Allport who argued that personality consists of a
potent collection of qualities or traits - ANSWER trait theory
In the Vygotsky's system, the difference between a child's learning progress with help
or guidance and learning achievement without guidance of an adult iscalled - ANSWER
zone of proximal development
Complete Solutions
Francis Cecil Sumner was the 1st African American to - ANSWER get a PhD in
psychology
Early Chinese psychology in the 20th century was heavily influenced by - ANSWER
Japanese scholars
Name at least 3 obstacles that American women choosing a career in psychology faced
in 1920s - ANSWER Social tradition; gender prejudice; and common practice of
allocating women to assisting positions
On the basis of measurements of the Army Testing Project, psychologists wanted to
create categories of the recruits according to their - ANSWER Mental abilities
A particular issue with which the physicians at Ellis Island had to contend during testing
procedure was the identification of cases of - ANSWER mental deficiency
Name the difference between the Alpha & Beta tests - ANSWER The Army Alpha Test
was designed for literate groups and the Army Beta for those who were illiterate, had
very poor English written skills, or were non-English speakers. The Alpha test contained
eight subtests on analogies, questions on everyday judgments, understanding of
directions given, simple arithmetic problems, and so on. The Beta test included picture
completion, drawing, and symbol recognition.
Mental surveys were designed to study - ANSWER mental capacity
Psychologists at the Iowa Child Welfare Station studied mainly - ANSWER ordinary
children
What was the contribution of the Iowa Child Welfare Station to the nature-nurture
debate? - ANSWER IQ could be changed by deliberate effort in a particular social and
education environment.
Where was the Hawthorne manufacturing plant? - ANSWER Chicago
Who is the founder of sports psychology in the US? - ANSWER Coleman Griffin
What is the Hawthorne effect? - ANSWER A positive effect of properly organized work
relationships on workers' productivity and satisfaction.
What were Vygotsky's university degree? - ANSWER Law & history/philosophy
What is cultural medication in Vygotsky's theory of human consciousness? - ANSWER
, Every psychological function, thinking as an example, appears twice. First, It is an
"outside" social activity or learning. Second, this learning is internalized as thinking.
Human consciousness therefore should be understood in the context of interaction of an
individual with the outside world. The essence of human consciousness is in its unity
with the cultural environment.
What are the practical applications of Vygotsky's idea of the zone of proximal
development? - ANSWER Not only do teachers and parents follow and accommodate
children but also challenge, accelerate, improve, and enhance their potential.
The formal operations stage according to Piaget develops after age - ANSWER 11
Piaget spent most of his professional life at the - ANSWER University of Geneva
What was the essence of Piaget's interview method? - ANSWER Piaget asked children to
solve certain problems or perform educational tasks. First, he would ask a child a
standard question and record an answer. Then, he would ask the child additional,
nonstandard questions based on the responses. Piaget emphasized the importance of
giving full attention to the child, stressing listening, refraining from arguing, paying
attention to what the child does, and helping the child say what she or he wants to say.
Piaget's main task was not only to record and interpret the child's words but also to see
how the words and sentences relate to the task that the child performs.
What is genetic epistemology? - ANSWER Attempts to explain knowledge (scientific
knowledgein particular) from the standpoint of knowledge's history.
A method requiring participants to explore their own internal conflicts through acting
out their emotions in front of one another was called - ANSWER psychodrama
What is the difference between personality & character? - ANSWER Character is rather
a moral category. Personality refers to the objective self, the fundamental adjustment
patterns that an individual forms over the course of his or her experience.
What is the authoritarian personality? - ANSWER Such individuals are prone to mystical
thinking and prejudice against particular social groups. They are obedient to authority
figures, resistant to innovation, and prone to anger and violence. These
individuals—because of their psychological features—eagerly accept limits on their
freedom and accept social injustice.
This term was coined by German psychologist William Stern and stood for the branch of
applied psychology directed toward treatment of human problems: - ANSWER
psychotechnics
This was an approach initiated by Allport who argued that personality consists of a
potent collection of qualities or traits - ANSWER trait theory
In the Vygotsky's system, the difference between a child's learning progress with help
or guidance and learning achievement without guidance of an adult iscalled - ANSWER
zone of proximal development
