EXSS 175 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
What is shock - Answer-failure of CV system to deliver enough O2 and nutrients to meet
cellular metabolic needs
What happens if CV shock persists - Answer-cells and organs become damaged and
cells may die unless proper treatment begins quickly
Lymphatic system structure - Answer-consists of lymph (fluid) flowing within lymphatic
vessels, several structures and organs that contain lymphatic tissue and bone marrow
Where is the primary site of lymphocyte production - Answer-bone marrow
What are the functions of the lymphatic system - Answer-to drain excess interstitial fluid
and plasma proteins from tissue spaces, transport dietary lipids and vitamins from GI
tract to the blood and facilitate immune responses
How does the lymphatic system facilitate immune responses - Answer-by recognizing
microbes or abnormal cells and responding by killing them directly or secreting
antibodies that cause their destruction
The fluid called lymph is similar to - Answer-interstitial fluid
Organs involved in the lymphatic system include - Answer-red bone marrow, thymus,
spleen, lymph nodes, diffuse lymphatic tissue (tonsils)
Lymph vessels begin as _____ in tissue spaces between cells - Answer-lymph
capillaries
How does lymph form - Answer-interstitial fluid drains into lymphatic capillaries, thus
forming lymph
What are lymphatic vessels - Answer-lymph capillaries that merge to form large vessels
which convey lymph into and out of structures called lymph nodes
What do lymph capillaries begin as - Answer-closed-ended tubes found in spaces
between cells
Lymphatic vessels resemble - Answer-veins with thin walls and more valves
,Fluid that flows through lymph nodes flow towards - Answer-large veins above the heart
Where are lymphatic capillaries found - Answer-throughout the body except in avascular
tissue (ex: cartilage, epidermis, and cornea)
Structure of lymphatic capillaries - Answer-designed to let tissue fluid in but not out
(one-way valve). anchoring filaments keep tube from collapsing under outside pressure
and overlapping endothelial cells open when tissue pressure is high
What is the main collection duct of the lymphatic system - Answer-the thoracic duct
Where does the thoracic duct receive lymph from - Answer-the left side of the head,
neck, chest, left upper extremity, and the entire body below the ribs
Where does the thoracic duct drain lymph into - Answer-the venous blood via the left
subclavian vein
What is the lymphatic duct that drains lymph from the upper right side of the body -
Answer-the right lymphatic duct
Where does the right lymphatic duct drain lymph into - Answer-the venous blood via the
right subclavian vein
Formation and flow of lymph - Answer-passage of lymph is from arteries and blood
capillaries (blood) into interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid) and into lymph capillaries
(lymph) to lymphatic vessels to lymph trunks to the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
to the subclavian veins (blood)
How does lymph flow - Answer-lymph flows as a result of the milking action of skeletal
muscle contractions and respiratory movements
What happens when fluid and proteins escape from vascular capillaries - Answer-they
are collected by lymphatic capillaries and returned to the blood
What promotes the flow of lymphatic fluid - Answer-respiratory and muscular pumps
Function of the primary lymphatic organs - Answer-to provide environment maturation of
B and T lymphocytes
Examples of primary lymphatic organs - Answer-red bone marrow and thymus
Where do B and T lymphocytes mature - Answer-red bone marrow give rise to mature B
cells and the thymus is the the site where T-cells from red marrow mature
, Function of the secondary lymphatic organs and tissues - Answer-site where most
immune responses occur
Examples of secondary lymphatic organs and tissues - Answer-lymph nodes, spleen,
lymphatic nodules
Anatomy of the thymus gland - Answer-2 lobed organ found in mediastinum, capsule
and trabeculae divide it into lobules, each lobule has a cortex and medulla
Function of the cortex in the thymus gland - Answer-contains tightly packed
lymphocytes and macrophages
Function of the medulla in the thymus gland - Answer-reticular epithelial cells produces
thymic hormones
Where are lymph nodes concentrated - Answer-near mammary glands, axillae and
groin
Flow of lymph through the lymph nodes - Answer-lymph enters nodes via afferent
lymphatic vessels, is filtered to remove damaged cells and microorganisms and exits via
efferent lymphatic vessels
Foreign substances filtered by the lymph nodes are trapped by - Answer-nodal reticular
fibers
How are foreign substances destroyed in the lymph nodes - Answer-macrophages via
phagocytosis and lymphocytes bring about destruction via immune responses
What are the only structures that filter lymph - Answer-lymph nodes
The parenchyma of the spleen consists of - Answer-white pulp (lymphatic tissue around
branches of splenic artery) and red pulp (venous sinuses filled with blood and splenic
tissue (splenic cords))
The stroma in the spleen consists of - Answer-capsule, trabeculae, fibers and
fibroblasts
Where does the spleen store blood platelets - Answer-in the red pulp
What lymphatic organ is involved in the production of blood cells during the second
trimester of pregnancy - Answer-the spleen
What is the purpose of the respiratory system - Answer-to exchange gas (intake O2 and
deliver to body cells and eliminate CO2), regulate blood pH, filter air, produce vocal
sounds, excrete small amounts of water and heat, contain receptors for sense of smell
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
What is shock - Answer-failure of CV system to deliver enough O2 and nutrients to meet
cellular metabolic needs
What happens if CV shock persists - Answer-cells and organs become damaged and
cells may die unless proper treatment begins quickly
Lymphatic system structure - Answer-consists of lymph (fluid) flowing within lymphatic
vessels, several structures and organs that contain lymphatic tissue and bone marrow
Where is the primary site of lymphocyte production - Answer-bone marrow
What are the functions of the lymphatic system - Answer-to drain excess interstitial fluid
and plasma proteins from tissue spaces, transport dietary lipids and vitamins from GI
tract to the blood and facilitate immune responses
How does the lymphatic system facilitate immune responses - Answer-by recognizing
microbes or abnormal cells and responding by killing them directly or secreting
antibodies that cause their destruction
The fluid called lymph is similar to - Answer-interstitial fluid
Organs involved in the lymphatic system include - Answer-red bone marrow, thymus,
spleen, lymph nodes, diffuse lymphatic tissue (tonsils)
Lymph vessels begin as _____ in tissue spaces between cells - Answer-lymph
capillaries
How does lymph form - Answer-interstitial fluid drains into lymphatic capillaries, thus
forming lymph
What are lymphatic vessels - Answer-lymph capillaries that merge to form large vessels
which convey lymph into and out of structures called lymph nodes
What do lymph capillaries begin as - Answer-closed-ended tubes found in spaces
between cells
Lymphatic vessels resemble - Answer-veins with thin walls and more valves
,Fluid that flows through lymph nodes flow towards - Answer-large veins above the heart
Where are lymphatic capillaries found - Answer-throughout the body except in avascular
tissue (ex: cartilage, epidermis, and cornea)
Structure of lymphatic capillaries - Answer-designed to let tissue fluid in but not out
(one-way valve). anchoring filaments keep tube from collapsing under outside pressure
and overlapping endothelial cells open when tissue pressure is high
What is the main collection duct of the lymphatic system - Answer-the thoracic duct
Where does the thoracic duct receive lymph from - Answer-the left side of the head,
neck, chest, left upper extremity, and the entire body below the ribs
Where does the thoracic duct drain lymph into - Answer-the venous blood via the left
subclavian vein
What is the lymphatic duct that drains lymph from the upper right side of the body -
Answer-the right lymphatic duct
Where does the right lymphatic duct drain lymph into - Answer-the venous blood via the
right subclavian vein
Formation and flow of lymph - Answer-passage of lymph is from arteries and blood
capillaries (blood) into interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid) and into lymph capillaries
(lymph) to lymphatic vessels to lymph trunks to the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
to the subclavian veins (blood)
How does lymph flow - Answer-lymph flows as a result of the milking action of skeletal
muscle contractions and respiratory movements
What happens when fluid and proteins escape from vascular capillaries - Answer-they
are collected by lymphatic capillaries and returned to the blood
What promotes the flow of lymphatic fluid - Answer-respiratory and muscular pumps
Function of the primary lymphatic organs - Answer-to provide environment maturation of
B and T lymphocytes
Examples of primary lymphatic organs - Answer-red bone marrow and thymus
Where do B and T lymphocytes mature - Answer-red bone marrow give rise to mature B
cells and the thymus is the the site where T-cells from red marrow mature
, Function of the secondary lymphatic organs and tissues - Answer-site where most
immune responses occur
Examples of secondary lymphatic organs and tissues - Answer-lymph nodes, spleen,
lymphatic nodules
Anatomy of the thymus gland - Answer-2 lobed organ found in mediastinum, capsule
and trabeculae divide it into lobules, each lobule has a cortex and medulla
Function of the cortex in the thymus gland - Answer-contains tightly packed
lymphocytes and macrophages
Function of the medulla in the thymus gland - Answer-reticular epithelial cells produces
thymic hormones
Where are lymph nodes concentrated - Answer-near mammary glands, axillae and
groin
Flow of lymph through the lymph nodes - Answer-lymph enters nodes via afferent
lymphatic vessels, is filtered to remove damaged cells and microorganisms and exits via
efferent lymphatic vessels
Foreign substances filtered by the lymph nodes are trapped by - Answer-nodal reticular
fibers
How are foreign substances destroyed in the lymph nodes - Answer-macrophages via
phagocytosis and lymphocytes bring about destruction via immune responses
What are the only structures that filter lymph - Answer-lymph nodes
The parenchyma of the spleen consists of - Answer-white pulp (lymphatic tissue around
branches of splenic artery) and red pulp (venous sinuses filled with blood and splenic
tissue (splenic cords))
The stroma in the spleen consists of - Answer-capsule, trabeculae, fibers and
fibroblasts
Where does the spleen store blood platelets - Answer-in the red pulp
What lymphatic organ is involved in the production of blood cells during the second
trimester of pregnancy - Answer-the spleen
What is the purpose of the respiratory system - Answer-to exchange gas (intake O2 and
deliver to body cells and eliminate CO2), regulate blood pH, filter air, produce vocal
sounds, excrete small amounts of water and heat, contain receptors for sense of smell
