Nur 265 Cardio Final Exam 2025

Stable angina vs. unstable angina - -Stable- predictale and consistent pain that occurs on excertion and is relieved by rest Unstable- symptoms occur more freq and last longer than stable. Pain can occur at rest. List activities that can bring on Angina attack - -Exposure to cold strenuous work/exertion emotional/physical stress eating heavy meal sexual activity running up a flight of stairs S&S of Angina - -retrosternal or sternal pain Pain radiates down left arm feeling of strangling,choking, tightness, diaphoresis,constricting, indigestion, heaviness and aching weakness or numbness clench fist over the sternum Signs of Heart disease in women - -fatigue, lethargy heaviness or squeezing pain in the left chest, abd, mid back, arm/shoulder w/out chest pain palpitaions nausea indigestion numb hands sharp or fleeting pain chest discomfort in sleep/rest burning stabbing sensation, tingling What meds are used to decrease myocardial O2 Demand in Angina? - -vasodilators beta blockers Calcium channel blockers antilipid drugs Aspirin Plavix or ticlid (can't take aspirin) True/False: EKG detects myocardial ischemia by looking at the T wave and ST segment. - -true S&S of MI - -chest pain, raidates to left arm an neck mimick's indigestion and gallbladder attack diaphoresis*** syncope N&V**** faint S1 and S2 tachycardia What lab indicators show MI? - -EKG: T wave and ST segment elevation change and Q wave abnormal CBC: leukocytosis ESR: elevated Cardiac Biomakers List Cardiac Biomarkers (CTM) - -**Creatinine Kinase (CK-MB)- Elevated only when there has been damage to the heart b/c only found in cardiac cells. **Troponin level- protein in the heart that regulates contractility and released in the blood stream following heart damgage for a long period of time (3 wks). Most freq used test!! Myoglobin- protein that transports O2 Medical management after Mi - -clear liquid diet Analgesic: morphine sulfate Nitro Beta blockers or calcium channel blockers (except in CHF) ACE inhib's Fibrinolytics (alteplase, reteplase) anticoagulants What are complications after MI? - -Cardiogenic shock ventricular aneurysm pericarditis arrhythmia's True/False: place pt in supine position after MI. - -FALSE Phase's of cardiac rehab - -Phase 1: begins with hospitalization and ends at discharge. Patient teaching. Pt goals individualized Phase 2: outpatient setting 1-4 weeks post discharge. On heart monitor (telemetry). Exercise: treadmill, bike. Check own pulse Phase 3: Non monitored, unsupervised exercising, EKG strip obtained weekly Phase 4: adult fitness and maintenance Risk factors for CHF - -HTN Left ventricular failure ESRD Cardiomyopathy smoking valvular disease MI COPD Left sided heart failure (pulmonary) - -dyspnea and orthopnea cough: blood tinged frothy sputum fatigue and weakness tachycardia w/ S3, palpitations and tachypnea restlessness and anxiety rales