NHCO Phlebotomy Revised Exam 2025

phlebotomy - -phlebo=vein botomy= incision concept of bloodletting - -to get rid of excess fluids believed to be infected these fluids were called humors. HIPAA - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. - -Requires providers to get written permission before disclosing healthcare information to anyone outside the provider team. PHI - -Protected Health Information is any health information that is transmitted or stored electronically. What is the best way to communicate and what percent is nonverbal. - -Sent - Received - Processed - Understood 80% The Joint Commission TJC - -independent, non profit. Formed to solely look out for patients and establish standards and practices in all health care settings. Over sites Point- of - Care Testing POCT Quality Control - -Ensures the machines are inspected for performance and operation compliance at time intervals specific to the equipment and CLINICAL APPLICATION. CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) - -global non profit develops standards using representatives taken directly from the fields they oversee Phlebotomy programs approved with CLSI: Program approval, exam questions, standard of care, and order of draw. CLSI'S MISSION STATEMENT : - -To develop clinical and laboratory practices and promote their use worldwide Incident Reports - -Identify everyone involved, the problem and the actions taken to correct the issue. Who handles incident reports in a smaller setting? What about Larger? - -Office Manager in a smaller setting Safety and Compliance departments in a larger setting Informed Consent - -A competent person gives voluntary permission for a medical procedure after receiving adequate information about the risk of the procedure's methods and consequences. Expressed Consent - -Permission is given by the patient verbally or in writing for a procedure. Implied Consent - -Without verbal or written consent, like going to the er and the patient is holding out an arm when told they need their blood drawn. HIV Testing Consent - -Special permission is needed to administer a test that detects HIV. Parental Consent for Minors - -A parent or a legal guardian must permit procedures administered to underage patients depending on the state law may range from 18 to 21 years old. Failure to stop care when a patient refuses care will result in - -Assault or Battery Providers can request the patient to sign a refusal form called: - -A Discharge Against Medical Advice, or AMA OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) - -Mandates safety regulations across every workplace. Prevents Safety Issues by investigating hazardous workplaces or on the job injuries. OSHA Inspections - -Complaint Inspection: After an employee files a formal complaint with OSHA, the most common. Fatality or Accident Inspection: Occurs after OSHA receives notice from the employer of a workplace fatality or accident resulting in three or more employee hospitalizations. Programmed Inspection: Conducted on a randomly chosen workplace determined to be engaged in hazardous work types according to their standard industry classifications codes. Imminent Danger Inspection: Occurs when OSHA receives a report that a condition of imminent danger exists at a workplace, least common. Ways HBV/HIV can be transmitted - -blood and potentially infectious bodily fluids: Sexual Contact Sharing of hypodermic Needles From mothers to babies at or before birth Accidental puncture with sharps Contact between mucous membranes contact between broken or damaged skin blood to blood eyes nose and mouth mucous membranes types of contact and transmission - -DIRECT: pathogen is transmitted directly from infected agent ex: skin to skin INDIRECT: a fomite(object that carries disease) serves as a reservoir for infectious agent ex: contaminated clothing DROPLET: occurs when an infectious agent is traveling in saliva or mucous as it leaves the reservoir ex: sneeze or cough AIRBORNE: when infectious agent is so small that it suspends in air and travels across a space ex: tuberculosis VEHICLE: agent is in bodily fluid and can be on whatever the host contacts ex: doorknob, faucet, pen VECTOR-BORNE: when a pathogen transmits through an invertebrate ex: malaria, lyme disease, dengue virus PARENTERAL: when disease in transmitted any way other than by a mucous membrane ex: needle stick, open wound, hangnail, OSHA requires? - -that healthcare personal receive the vaccination series against hepatitis B within 10 days of employment OR sign a declination form. at no cost the most effective way to break the chain of transmission - -is by washing your hands, form a lather The order of removal of PPE - -1. Gloves 2. Goggles 3. Gown 4. Mask Medical Asepsis - -Destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave the body NSPA - -Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act Sharps Log must contain - -- type and brand of device involved in the incident - the department or work area where the incident happened - an explanation of how the incident occurred Types of hazards - -Biologic, sharps, chemical, electrical, fire or explosive, physical, allergic reaction. how long HBV can last on a surface - -7 days in dried blood HBV affects: - -the liver, liver inflammation, can lead to cirrhosis and other liver conditions