Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease: An Interactive
Journey for Health Professionals 3rd Edition, All
Chapters Graded A+ guide
_____________________________________________________________________________________
hypotonic solutions move water
into cells
hypertonic solutions move water
out of cells
Crenation
cells shrink
-happens in hypertonic solutions
-water absorbed from cell
lysis
cell bursts
-happens in hypertonic solution
-water is added to cell
filtration
-movement across semipermeable membrance becasue of pressure differences
types of active movement
active transport and vesicular transport
types of active transport
primary and secondary
primary active transport
cell uses ATP and carries molecule to move substances from low to high concentration (against
concentration gradient)
secondary active transport
Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather, transport is coupled to ion
diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.
symport
two molecules travel in the same direction
,antiport
two substances move in opposite directions
vesicular transport
movement across PM by formation of vesicle
Vesicle
membrane bound sac
types of vesicular transport
endocytosis and exocytosis
Endocytosis
bringing molecules into cell via vesicle formation
types of endocytosis
phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis
Phagocytosis
cell eating
-brings solid particles into cell by vesicle formation
Pinocytosis
Cell drinking
-bringing fluid and dissolved solutes in by vesicle formation
receptor-mediated endocytosis
receptors on PM bind with specific substance-> PM folds in-> forms vesicle
Exocytosis
cell spits something out
-product produces by cell packed into vesicle-> vesicle fuses with PM -> substances released outside of
cell
functions of the plasma membrane
-forms boundary-> separate inside cell from outside cell
-regulate movement in/out of cell
-receptors -> for hormones
-cellular communication -> contact
-structure ->cytoskeleton
-enzymes->catalyze reactions
-cellular attachment -> join cells together
-cellular ID tags->cell to cell recognition
, receptor and channel abnormalities
-familial hypercholesterolemia
-androgen insensitivity syndrome
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
genetic disorder characterized by high cholesterol levels
-get this young
intersexuality
genitalia doesn't match sex chromosomes
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)
a genetic condition in which the body is unresponsive to androgens so that a genetic male may be born
with a female-appearing body
-hormones never developed
-lack internal female structure
-girl on outside, male on inside
Tissues
Groups of cells with a common structure and function.
four types of tissues
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
desmosomes
glycoprotein discs joined by protein filaments
-hold cells together
gap junctions
hollow protein pipes join cells
-cell to cell communication
tight junctions
closes off space between cells
-form permeability barrier
-anything going from one side of cell to another cannot go between cells, must go thru cells
-cells structure about substances that move across
general location of epithelial tissue
covering and lining tissues
general function of epithelial tissue
forming glands
Journey for Health Professionals 3rd Edition, All
Chapters Graded A+ guide
_____________________________________________________________________________________
hypotonic solutions move water
into cells
hypertonic solutions move water
out of cells
Crenation
cells shrink
-happens in hypertonic solutions
-water absorbed from cell
lysis
cell bursts
-happens in hypertonic solution
-water is added to cell
filtration
-movement across semipermeable membrance becasue of pressure differences
types of active movement
active transport and vesicular transport
types of active transport
primary and secondary
primary active transport
cell uses ATP and carries molecule to move substances from low to high concentration (against
concentration gradient)
secondary active transport
Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather, transport is coupled to ion
diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport.
symport
two molecules travel in the same direction
,antiport
two substances move in opposite directions
vesicular transport
movement across PM by formation of vesicle
Vesicle
membrane bound sac
types of vesicular transport
endocytosis and exocytosis
Endocytosis
bringing molecules into cell via vesicle formation
types of endocytosis
phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis
Phagocytosis
cell eating
-brings solid particles into cell by vesicle formation
Pinocytosis
Cell drinking
-bringing fluid and dissolved solutes in by vesicle formation
receptor-mediated endocytosis
receptors on PM bind with specific substance-> PM folds in-> forms vesicle
Exocytosis
cell spits something out
-product produces by cell packed into vesicle-> vesicle fuses with PM -> substances released outside of
cell
functions of the plasma membrane
-forms boundary-> separate inside cell from outside cell
-regulate movement in/out of cell
-receptors -> for hormones
-cellular communication -> contact
-structure ->cytoskeleton
-enzymes->catalyze reactions
-cellular attachment -> join cells together
-cellular ID tags->cell to cell recognition
, receptor and channel abnormalities
-familial hypercholesterolemia
-androgen insensitivity syndrome
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
genetic disorder characterized by high cholesterol levels
-get this young
intersexuality
genitalia doesn't match sex chromosomes
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)
a genetic condition in which the body is unresponsive to androgens so that a genetic male may be born
with a female-appearing body
-hormones never developed
-lack internal female structure
-girl on outside, male on inside
Tissues
Groups of cells with a common structure and function.
four types of tissues
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
desmosomes
glycoprotein discs joined by protein filaments
-hold cells together
gap junctions
hollow protein pipes join cells
-cell to cell communication
tight junctions
closes off space between cells
-form permeability barrier
-anything going from one side of cell to another cannot go between cells, must go thru cells
-cells structure about substances that move across
general location of epithelial tissue
covering and lining tissues
general function of epithelial tissue
forming glands
