Developmental (EXAM 1) Questions and
Answers
LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT is the field of study that examines patterns of ____
____ ____ in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan. - -growth,
change, and stability
- Developmental psychologists test their assumptions about the nature and
course of human development by applying _____________ - -scientific
methods.
- Lifespan development focuses on ____development.
from ___ to ____ - -human
conception to death
- Neither ___ nor ____alone can account for the full range of human develop -
-heredity nor environment
- major topical areas of study - -a) PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT involves the
body's physical makeup, including the brain, nervous system, muscles, and
senses, and the need for food, drink, and sleep as a determinant of behavior.
b) COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT involves the ways that growth and change in
learning, memory, problem solving, and intelligence influence a person's
behavior.
c) PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT involves the ways that the enduring
characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the
life span.
d) SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT is the way in which individual's interactions with
others and their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over
the course of life.
- prenatal
infancy
middle childhood
adoescence
young adulthood
middle adulthood
late adulthood - -Prenatal period (conception to birth)
Infancy and toddlerhood (birth to age 3)
Preschool period (ages 3 to 6)
Middle childhood (ages 6 to 12)
Adolescence (ages 12 to 20)
Young adulthood (ages 20 to 40)
Middle adulthood (ages 40 to 60)
Late adulthood (age 60 to death)
, - A social construction is a shared notion of reality, one that is widely
accepted but is a function of ____ and ____ at a _________ - -society and
culture at a given time.
- race - -Race is a biological concept referring to classifications based on
physical and structural characteristics.
- ethnicity - -Ethnic group and ethnicity are broader terms, referring to
cultural background, nationality, religion, and language.
- Race is________________________of environmental and cultural contexts. - -
not independent
- continuous vs discontinuous change - -gradual development vs stepwise
- cohort - -One's COHORT is the group of people born around the same time
and same place.
- Cohort effects (what are their influences?) - -HISTORY-GRADED
INFLUENCES: biological and environmental influences associated with
particular historical moment (e.g., 9/11); includes cohorts.
AGE-GRADED INFLUENCES: biological and environmental influences that are
similar for individuals in particular age group (e.g., puberty, menopause).
SOCIALCULTURAL-GRADED INFLUENCES: social and cultural factors present
at particular time for a particular individual, depending on such variables as
ethnicity, social class, and subcultural membership (e.g., white and affluent
versus minority group and impoverished).
NON-NORMATIVE LIFE EVENT: atypical events that occur in a particular
person's life at a time when such events do not happen to most people (e.g.,
child whose parents die in auto accident at six).
- critical period - -a specific time during development when a particular
event has its greatest consequences.
- sensitive periods - -point in development when organisms are particularly
susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence
of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences.
- nature vs nurture - -Nature refers to traits, abilities, and capacities that
are inherited from one's parents.
- Which encompasses maturation? nature or nurture - -nature
- what is maturation - -predetermined unfolding of genetic information.
Answers
LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT is the field of study that examines patterns of ____
____ ____ in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan. - -growth,
change, and stability
- Developmental psychologists test their assumptions about the nature and
course of human development by applying _____________ - -scientific
methods.
- Lifespan development focuses on ____development.
from ___ to ____ - -human
conception to death
- Neither ___ nor ____alone can account for the full range of human develop -
-heredity nor environment
- major topical areas of study - -a) PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT involves the
body's physical makeup, including the brain, nervous system, muscles, and
senses, and the need for food, drink, and sleep as a determinant of behavior.
b) COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT involves the ways that growth and change in
learning, memory, problem solving, and intelligence influence a person's
behavior.
c) PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT involves the ways that the enduring
characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the
life span.
d) SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT is the way in which individual's interactions with
others and their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over
the course of life.
- prenatal
infancy
middle childhood
adoescence
young adulthood
middle adulthood
late adulthood - -Prenatal period (conception to birth)
Infancy and toddlerhood (birth to age 3)
Preschool period (ages 3 to 6)
Middle childhood (ages 6 to 12)
Adolescence (ages 12 to 20)
Young adulthood (ages 20 to 40)
Middle adulthood (ages 40 to 60)
Late adulthood (age 60 to death)
, - A social construction is a shared notion of reality, one that is widely
accepted but is a function of ____ and ____ at a _________ - -society and
culture at a given time.
- race - -Race is a biological concept referring to classifications based on
physical and structural characteristics.
- ethnicity - -Ethnic group and ethnicity are broader terms, referring to
cultural background, nationality, religion, and language.
- Race is________________________of environmental and cultural contexts. - -
not independent
- continuous vs discontinuous change - -gradual development vs stepwise
- cohort - -One's COHORT is the group of people born around the same time
and same place.
- Cohort effects (what are their influences?) - -HISTORY-GRADED
INFLUENCES: biological and environmental influences associated with
particular historical moment (e.g., 9/11); includes cohorts.
AGE-GRADED INFLUENCES: biological and environmental influences that are
similar for individuals in particular age group (e.g., puberty, menopause).
SOCIALCULTURAL-GRADED INFLUENCES: social and cultural factors present
at particular time for a particular individual, depending on such variables as
ethnicity, social class, and subcultural membership (e.g., white and affluent
versus minority group and impoverished).
NON-NORMATIVE LIFE EVENT: atypical events that occur in a particular
person's life at a time when such events do not happen to most people (e.g.,
child whose parents die in auto accident at six).
- critical period - -a specific time during development when a particular
event has its greatest consequences.
- sensitive periods - -point in development when organisms are particularly
susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence
of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences.
- nature vs nurture - -Nature refers to traits, abilities, and capacities that
are inherited from one's parents.
- Which encompasses maturation? nature or nurture - -nature
- what is maturation - -predetermined unfolding of genetic information.
