Patho MN 551 Unit 5 | 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version

A 34-year-old male patient has diagnoses of liver failure, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy secondary to alcohol abuse. The patient's family is questioning the care team about why his abdomen is so large even though he is undernourished and emaciated. Which of the following statements most accurately underlies the explanation that a member of the care team would provide to the family? - An inordinate amount of interstitial fluid is accumulating in the patient's abdomen. The transcellular component of the intracellular fluid compartment contains far more fluid than normal. *********** The normally small transcellular fluid compartment, or third space, is becoming enlarged. Gravity-dependent plasma is accumulating in the patient's peritoneal cavity. A 31-year-old patient with a diagnosis of end-stage liver failure has been admitted to the intensive care unit of a hospital. Arterial blood gas sampling indicates that the man has an acid-base imbalance. Which of the following situations is most likely to result in an inappropriate pH? - Renal excretion of HCO3- in the presence of excess base Transcompartmental exchange of H+ and potassium ions Low albumin and plasma globulin levels Conservation or formation of new HCO3- by the kidneys A 4-year-old boy who has been deaf since birth and has bilateral cataracts has been brought to the emergency department by his mother because she noticed blood in the toilet after he last voided. Urinalysis confirms heavy microscopic hematuria as well as proteinuria. What will the care team's initial differential diagnosis most likely be? - Immunoglobulin A nephropathy Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis Systemic lupus erythematosus glomerulonephritis Alport syndrome An 87-year-old male resident of an assisted living facility has been consistently continent of urine until the last several weeks. Which of the following actions by the care providers at the facility is the most likely priority? - Showing the resident the correct technique for exercises to improve bladder, sphincter, and pelvic floor tone Teaching the resident about protective pads, collection devices, and medications that may be effective Providing patient education focusing on the fact that occasional incontinence is a normal, age-related change ****8Performing a physical examination and history to determine the exact cause and character of the incontinence An 82-year-old resident of a long-term care facility with a recent history of repeated urinary tract infections and restlessness is suspected of having urinary retention. Which of the following actions by the care team is most appropriate? - Urinalysis focusing on the presence or absence of microorganisms, blood, or white cells in the man's urine Renal ultrasound aimed at identifying acute or chronic kidney disease Ultrasound bladder scanning to determine the residual volume of urine after voiding Uroflowmetry to determine to rate of the patient's urine flow Which of the following patients would be considered to have a significant risk of developing the prerenal form of acute renal failure? - An 80-year-old female who has been admitted for treatment of dehydration, hyponatremia, and malnutrition A 68-year-old male with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) A 20-year-old male who is admitted for treatment of an overdose of a nephrotoxic drug A 79-year-old male with diagnoses of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and congestive heart failure A 41-year-old female who is admitted for intravenous antibiotic treatment of pyelonephritis A 22-year-old male who has lost a large amount of blood following a workplace injury An 81-year-old female has long-standing hypocalcemia secondary to kidney disease and will shortly be moving into an assisted living facility from her own apartment. Which of the following findings should staff at the facility be instructed to observe for? - Lethargy and stupor High fluid intake and urine output *******Muscular spasms and complaints of cramps Loss of appetite and complaints of nausea Which of the following individuals would be considered to be at risk for the development of edema? - A 22-year-old female with hypoalbuminemia secondary to malnutrition and anorexia nervosa A 77-year-old woman who has an active gastrointestinal bleed and consequent anemia A 34-year-old industrial worker who has suffered extensive burns in a job-related accident A 60-year-old obese female with a diagnosis of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus