Biology Honors NC EOC Review Questions and
Answers|Latest Update
Ribosome An organelle that funtions in the synthesis of proteins
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that contains
attached ribosomes
Selectively Permeable Membrane A membrane that keeps some molecules out but
allows others to pass through
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that lacks
attached ribosomes
Spindle Fiber One of the microtubles that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists
in the movement of chromosomes
,Thylakoid a flattened membranous sac inside a chlorplast; contains most of the
compontents involvolved in light reations and photosynthesis
Vacuole A fluid filled organelle that store enzymes of metabolic waste material
Carrier protein a protein that transports specific substances across a biological
membrane
Concentration Gradient the difference of a concentration of substance across a space
Contractile Vacuole an organelle in protists that expels water
Cytolysis the busting of a cell
Diffusion the process, by which, molecules move from an area of greater concentration
to an area of lesser concentration
,Equilibrium a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is equal throughout
a space
Facilitated Diffusion a process in which substances move down their concentration
gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins
Hypertonic describing a solution whose solute concentration is higher than that inside a
cell
Hypotonic describing a solution whose solute concentration is lower that that inside a
cell
Ion channel a membrane protein that provides a passage way across the cell membrane
through which the ion can diffuse
Isotonic describing a solution whose solute concentration is equal that inside a cell
Osmosis the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
, Passive transport the movement of substances across the cell membrane without the use
of cell energy
Plasmotysis the shrinking or wilting of a walled cell in a hypertonic environment
Turgor Pressure water pressure within a plant cell
Active Transport the movement of a substance across the cell membrane against a
concentration gradient; requires the cell to expend energy
Endocytosis the process by which the cell surrounds and engulfs substances
Exocytosis a process in which a vesicle inside the cell fuses with the cell membrane and
releases its contents into the external environment
Phagocyte a cell that in engages in phagocytosis
Answers|Latest Update
Ribosome An organelle that funtions in the synthesis of proteins
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that contains
attached ribosomes
Selectively Permeable Membrane A membrane that keeps some molecules out but
allows others to pass through
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that lacks
attached ribosomes
Spindle Fiber One of the microtubles that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists
in the movement of chromosomes
,Thylakoid a flattened membranous sac inside a chlorplast; contains most of the
compontents involvolved in light reations and photosynthesis
Vacuole A fluid filled organelle that store enzymes of metabolic waste material
Carrier protein a protein that transports specific substances across a biological
membrane
Concentration Gradient the difference of a concentration of substance across a space
Contractile Vacuole an organelle in protists that expels water
Cytolysis the busting of a cell
Diffusion the process, by which, molecules move from an area of greater concentration
to an area of lesser concentration
,Equilibrium a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is equal throughout
a space
Facilitated Diffusion a process in which substances move down their concentration
gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins
Hypertonic describing a solution whose solute concentration is higher than that inside a
cell
Hypotonic describing a solution whose solute concentration is lower that that inside a
cell
Ion channel a membrane protein that provides a passage way across the cell membrane
through which the ion can diffuse
Isotonic describing a solution whose solute concentration is equal that inside a cell
Osmosis the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
, Passive transport the movement of substances across the cell membrane without the use
of cell energy
Plasmotysis the shrinking or wilting of a walled cell in a hypertonic environment
Turgor Pressure water pressure within a plant cell
Active Transport the movement of a substance across the cell membrane against a
concentration gradient; requires the cell to expend energy
Endocytosis the process by which the cell surrounds and engulfs substances
Exocytosis a process in which a vesicle inside the cell fuses with the cell membrane and
releases its contents into the external environment
Phagocyte a cell that in engages in phagocytosis
