NSG 6604 Final Exam Questions And All
Actual Answers.
Philosophy - Answer • Is the science comprising logic, ethics, esthetics, metaphysics and
epistemology
• Is concerned with judgments about components of science.
• A statement of beliefs and values, what people assume to be true in what they believe (also
called worldview)
• Statements that reflect values, goals or opinions contribute to the philosophy
• Philosophical concerns are not empirically based
• The "this we believe" statements associated with nursing practice contribute to the
philosophy of the discipline
• Philosophical statements are based on opinion
• They are accepted in a discipline through public affirmation.
• The prevailing philosophy of a discipline is the one shared by the greatest number of members
in terms of accepting the beliefs, values, goals and opinions of the philosophy.
Science - Answer • To know (King)
• Is the observation, identification, description, experimental investigation and theoretical
explanation of natural phenomena • It is a body of knowledge
• Nursing science is the knowledge connected to the discipline of nursing, plus the processes
and
methodologies used to gain that knowledge
• A goal of science is the identification of truths or facts about the subject matter of a
discipline--
ascertaining the what, where, when, who and how of phenomena of interest to the discipline.
Knowledge - Answer • What can be structured and represented to others out of the processes
of knowing (Kramer)
• Is based on factual information
• Is an awareness or perception of reality acquired through learning or investigation
• The term suggests that science is composed of what one knows about the subject matter
of a discipline---A distinction is made between what is "known" to be (fact) and what is
, • An empirical entity is that which can be experienced through the human senses.
Phenomena - Answer • Comprise the subject matter of a discipline (grief, caring, etc)
• A thing, fact, situation, or event of scientific interest susceptible to scientific description and
explanation.
Fact - Answer • Is something known with certainty.
Theory - Answer • Is a set of two or more concepts, definitions, and propositions that project
a systematic view of phenomena by designing specific interrelationships among concepts for
purposes of describing, explaining, and predicting (Chinn & Jacob, 1987; Fawcett, 2000)
• Generally, applicable in clinical practice.
• The facts need to be ordered in a cohesive body that will result in an organized body of
knowledge.
• Provide a description, prediction, understanding and explanation of phenomena (Kim)
• Theories allow one to explain past events, provide a sense of understanding about current
events, predict future events and provide the potential for controlling them
• Nursing intervention is served through the ability to predict and ultimately to control
phenomena associated with health and health care.
• A degree of uncertainty is inherent in theories; The concepts may be tentative and the
propositions may be predictions of what reality is believed to be like, rather than a set of
known, undeniable facts (Hoover, 1988)
• The functions of theory include summarization of knowledge, explanation of phenomena of
interest to the discipline employing the theory and provision of to guide, predict and ultimately
to control phenomena (Mehlberg, 1962).
• Theories are composed of statements that state specific relationships between two or more
concepts.
How Does Theory Contribute To the Scientific Base of A Discipline? - Answer • Conceptual
models and theories present different views of a phenomenon.
• Linking the results of research together, leading to cumulative scientific knowledge
• Providing frameworks by which to study concepts and variables
• Provide a framework that allows interpretation of research findings beyond the specific data
Model - Answer • Is an idea that explains by using symbolic and physical visualization
Actual Answers.
Philosophy - Answer • Is the science comprising logic, ethics, esthetics, metaphysics and
epistemology
• Is concerned with judgments about components of science.
• A statement of beliefs and values, what people assume to be true in what they believe (also
called worldview)
• Statements that reflect values, goals or opinions contribute to the philosophy
• Philosophical concerns are not empirically based
• The "this we believe" statements associated with nursing practice contribute to the
philosophy of the discipline
• Philosophical statements are based on opinion
• They are accepted in a discipline through public affirmation.
• The prevailing philosophy of a discipline is the one shared by the greatest number of members
in terms of accepting the beliefs, values, goals and opinions of the philosophy.
Science - Answer • To know (King)
• Is the observation, identification, description, experimental investigation and theoretical
explanation of natural phenomena • It is a body of knowledge
• Nursing science is the knowledge connected to the discipline of nursing, plus the processes
and
methodologies used to gain that knowledge
• A goal of science is the identification of truths or facts about the subject matter of a
discipline--
ascertaining the what, where, when, who and how of phenomena of interest to the discipline.
Knowledge - Answer • What can be structured and represented to others out of the processes
of knowing (Kramer)
• Is based on factual information
• Is an awareness or perception of reality acquired through learning or investigation
• The term suggests that science is composed of what one knows about the subject matter
of a discipline---A distinction is made between what is "known" to be (fact) and what is
, • An empirical entity is that which can be experienced through the human senses.
Phenomena - Answer • Comprise the subject matter of a discipline (grief, caring, etc)
• A thing, fact, situation, or event of scientific interest susceptible to scientific description and
explanation.
Fact - Answer • Is something known with certainty.
Theory - Answer • Is a set of two or more concepts, definitions, and propositions that project
a systematic view of phenomena by designing specific interrelationships among concepts for
purposes of describing, explaining, and predicting (Chinn & Jacob, 1987; Fawcett, 2000)
• Generally, applicable in clinical practice.
• The facts need to be ordered in a cohesive body that will result in an organized body of
knowledge.
• Provide a description, prediction, understanding and explanation of phenomena (Kim)
• Theories allow one to explain past events, provide a sense of understanding about current
events, predict future events and provide the potential for controlling them
• Nursing intervention is served through the ability to predict and ultimately to control
phenomena associated with health and health care.
• A degree of uncertainty is inherent in theories; The concepts may be tentative and the
propositions may be predictions of what reality is believed to be like, rather than a set of
known, undeniable facts (Hoover, 1988)
• The functions of theory include summarization of knowledge, explanation of phenomena of
interest to the discipline employing the theory and provision of to guide, predict and ultimately
to control phenomena (Mehlberg, 1962).
• Theories are composed of statements that state specific relationships between two or more
concepts.
How Does Theory Contribute To the Scientific Base of A Discipline? - Answer • Conceptual
models and theories present different views of a phenomenon.
• Linking the results of research together, leading to cumulative scientific knowledge
• Providing frameworks by which to study concepts and variables
• Provide a framework that allows interpretation of research findings beyond the specific data
Model - Answer • Is an idea that explains by using symbolic and physical visualization
