Crowd Management FINAL EXAM
2 Components - correct ans--1. Dense Crowd- lots of people in one place; force
magnifies at the epicenter or on the edges
2. Catalyst- something that causes crowd to shift or move [sudden rain, more people,
fights]
Most deaths caused by asphyxiations, not trampling (people squeezed so hard they
can't breathe)
- Pushing from the back to front; from the front to back; & potentially from the top if one
falls
- Often caused by failure to create a safe environment (not always a stampede)
5 Universal Truths [important] - correct ans--1. All people want to be treated with dignity
and respect
2. All people want to be asked rather than told to do something
3. All people want to be told why they are being asked to do something
4. All people want to be given options rather than threats
5. All people want a second change
"Every interactions is an opportunity to create a "force multiplier"
Arrivalpk-pkcorrectpkans---pkLocalpkArea
-Transportationpkhub
-pkParkingpkFacilities
Circulationpk-pkcorrectpkans---pkMovementpkinpkevent/venue
-pkCrowdpkdynamicspksuchpkaspkcollapsespkorpksurepkatpkstage
ControlpkMeasurespk-pkcorrectpkans--Design:pkEnvironmentalpkandpkPhysicalpkAspects
Information
Management
CrowdpkControlpk-pkcorrectpkans--
Apkpublicpksecuritypkpracticepkwherepklargepkcrowdspkarepkmanagedpktopkpreventpkthepkoutbreakp
kofpkcrownpkcrush,pkaffray,pkfightspkinvolvingpkdrunkpkandpkdisorderlypkpeoplepkorpkriots
CrowdpkDensitypk-pkcorrectpkans--PersonpkperpkSqpkMeterpkorpk10pksqpkft
2pk-
pkSafepkDensitypkatpkwhichpkwepktypicallypkusepkwhenpkplanningpkcrowdedpkspaces.pkThepkcrowdp
khaspkgoodpkfreepkfollowingpkmovementpk[GREEN]
3pk-pkMovementpkstartspkbeingpkconstrictedpk[YELLOW]
4-5pk-pkCriticalpkdensitypkduringpkwhichpkcrowdpksurgespkarepklikelypktopkoccurpk[RED]
6-7pk-pkMovementpkispkverypklimitedpktopkapkdangerouspklevelpk[RED]
, [10]pk8+pk-pkMovementpkispkalmostpkimpossiblepkduepktopkpressurepkonpkeachpkpersonpk[RED]
CrowdpkManagementpk-pkcorrectpkans---
pkThepksystematicpkplanningpkfor,pkandpkthepksupervisionpkofpkthepkorderlypkmovementpkandpkass
emblypkofpkpeople
-pkThepkassessmentpkofpkthepkpeoplepkhandlingpkcapabilitiespkofpkapkspacepkpriorpktopkitspkuse
-
pkIncludes:pkoccupancy,pkmeanspkofpkingress/pkegress,pkprocessingpkprocedures,pkexpectedpkt
ypespkofpkactivities,pkgrouppkbehavior
CrowdpkPsychologypk-pkcorrectpkans--ContagionpkTheory-
pkpeoplepklosepktheirpkindividualpkidentitypkandpktheirpkcapacitypkforpkreasonpkorpkjudgmentpk(canpk
getpkthepkleaderpktopkgetpkthepkcrowdpktopkdopkwhateverpktheypkwant)
DeindividuationpkTheory-
pkindividualpkseldpkbecomespkoccludedpkthroughpkanonymitypkinpkgroupspkresultingpkinpkuncontr
olledpkbehaviorpk[Mobpktheory,pklosepkyourselfpkandpkfollowpkthepkcrowd]
SocialpkIdentitypkTheory-pkapkshiftpkfrompkpersonpkidentitypktopkidentitypkwithinpkapkgroup-
pksocialpkidentificationpktransformspkthepkinterpersonalpkrelationspkbetweenpkpeoplepkleadingpkt
opkcoordinatespkcollectivepkactionspk(yourpkownpkidentity,pkbutpkcomepkintopkgrouppkidentity)
CrowdpkSciencepkPrinciplespk-pkcorrectpkans---pkPeoplepkdon'tpkgopk'mad'pkinpkcrowd-
pktheypkretainpkthepkabilitypktopkthinkpkforpkthemselves
-pkHumanpkbehaviorpkispkinfluencedpkbypk'cues'pkinpkthepksocialpkandpkphysicalpkenvironment
-pkSecuritypkinteractionspkwithpkcrowdpkcanpksuppresspkorpkencouragepkviolence
CrowdpkSciencepkPrinciplespk80-20pkRulepkAppliedpk-pkcorrectpkans--Thepk80-
20pkrulespksayspkthatpk80%pkofpkoutcomespkarepkcausedpkofpk20%pkofpkinputs
-pk20%pkofpkcriminalspkcommitpk80%pkofpkcrimes
-pk20%pkofpkdriverspkcausepk80%pkofpkallpktrafficpkaccidents
-pk80%pkofpkpollutionpkoriginatespkfrompk20%pkofpkallpkfactories
-pk20%pkofpkapkcompaniespkproductspkrepresentpk80%pkofpksales
-pk20%pkofpkemployeespkarepkresponsiblepkforpk80pkofpkthepkresults
-pk20%pkofpkstudentspkhavepkgradespk80%pkorpkhigher
Truepkforpkallpkaspectspkofpklife
-pk20%pkofpkthepkcrowdpkarepkcausepk80%pkofpkproblems****
CrowdpkStampedepk-pkcorrectpkans---
pkOccurspkwhenpkapkcrowdpkofpkpeoplepkmovepkinpkthepksamepkdirectionpkatpkthepksamepktime-
pksomepkmaypkcollidepkorpkpilepkuppkagainstpkorpkonpktoppkofpkeachpkother
-pkImpulsive,pkcausedpkbypkcatalysts
CrowdpkSurgespk-pkcorrectpkans---
pkApk"surge"pkispkapksuddenpkandpkpowerfulpkmovementpklikepkonepkwouldpkwitnesspkwithpkwavespk
ofpkthepkoceanpktide
-pkUnrelentingpkpressurepkfrompkallpkside-pkapkcrushingpk"drowning"pkinpkapkseapkofpkpeople
2 Components - correct ans--1. Dense Crowd- lots of people in one place; force
magnifies at the epicenter or on the edges
2. Catalyst- something that causes crowd to shift or move [sudden rain, more people,
fights]
Most deaths caused by asphyxiations, not trampling (people squeezed so hard they
can't breathe)
- Pushing from the back to front; from the front to back; & potentially from the top if one
falls
- Often caused by failure to create a safe environment (not always a stampede)
5 Universal Truths [important] - correct ans--1. All people want to be treated with dignity
and respect
2. All people want to be asked rather than told to do something
3. All people want to be told why they are being asked to do something
4. All people want to be given options rather than threats
5. All people want a second change
"Every interactions is an opportunity to create a "force multiplier"
Arrivalpk-pkcorrectpkans---pkLocalpkArea
-Transportationpkhub
-pkParkingpkFacilities
Circulationpk-pkcorrectpkans---pkMovementpkinpkevent/venue
-pkCrowdpkdynamicspksuchpkaspkcollapsespkorpksurepkatpkstage
ControlpkMeasurespk-pkcorrectpkans--Design:pkEnvironmentalpkandpkPhysicalpkAspects
Information
Management
CrowdpkControlpk-pkcorrectpkans--
Apkpublicpksecuritypkpracticepkwherepklargepkcrowdspkarepkmanagedpktopkpreventpkthepkoutbreakp
kofpkcrownpkcrush,pkaffray,pkfightspkinvolvingpkdrunkpkandpkdisorderlypkpeoplepkorpkriots
CrowdpkDensitypk-pkcorrectpkans--PersonpkperpkSqpkMeterpkorpk10pksqpkft
2pk-
pkSafepkDensitypkatpkwhichpkwepktypicallypkusepkwhenpkplanningpkcrowdedpkspaces.pkThepkcrowdp
khaspkgoodpkfreepkfollowingpkmovementpk[GREEN]
3pk-pkMovementpkstartspkbeingpkconstrictedpk[YELLOW]
4-5pk-pkCriticalpkdensitypkduringpkwhichpkcrowdpksurgespkarepklikelypktopkoccurpk[RED]
6-7pk-pkMovementpkispkverypklimitedpktopkapkdangerouspklevelpk[RED]
, [10]pk8+pk-pkMovementpkispkalmostpkimpossiblepkduepktopkpressurepkonpkeachpkpersonpk[RED]
CrowdpkManagementpk-pkcorrectpkans---
pkThepksystematicpkplanningpkfor,pkandpkthepksupervisionpkofpkthepkorderlypkmovementpkandpkass
emblypkofpkpeople
-pkThepkassessmentpkofpkthepkpeoplepkhandlingpkcapabilitiespkofpkapkspacepkpriorpktopkitspkuse
-
pkIncludes:pkoccupancy,pkmeanspkofpkingress/pkegress,pkprocessingpkprocedures,pkexpectedpkt
ypespkofpkactivities,pkgrouppkbehavior
CrowdpkPsychologypk-pkcorrectpkans--ContagionpkTheory-
pkpeoplepklosepktheirpkindividualpkidentitypkandpktheirpkcapacitypkforpkreasonpkorpkjudgmentpk(canpk
getpkthepkleaderpktopkgetpkthepkcrowdpktopkdopkwhateverpktheypkwant)
DeindividuationpkTheory-
pkindividualpkseldpkbecomespkoccludedpkthroughpkanonymitypkinpkgroupspkresultingpkinpkuncontr
olledpkbehaviorpk[Mobpktheory,pklosepkyourselfpkandpkfollowpkthepkcrowd]
SocialpkIdentitypkTheory-pkapkshiftpkfrompkpersonpkidentitypktopkidentitypkwithinpkapkgroup-
pksocialpkidentificationpktransformspkthepkinterpersonalpkrelationspkbetweenpkpeoplepkleadingpkt
opkcoordinatespkcollectivepkactionspk(yourpkownpkidentity,pkbutpkcomepkintopkgrouppkidentity)
CrowdpkSciencepkPrinciplespk-pkcorrectpkans---pkPeoplepkdon'tpkgopk'mad'pkinpkcrowd-
pktheypkretainpkthepkabilitypktopkthinkpkforpkthemselves
-pkHumanpkbehaviorpkispkinfluencedpkbypk'cues'pkinpkthepksocialpkandpkphysicalpkenvironment
-pkSecuritypkinteractionspkwithpkcrowdpkcanpksuppresspkorpkencouragepkviolence
CrowdpkSciencepkPrinciplespk80-20pkRulepkAppliedpk-pkcorrectpkans--Thepk80-
20pkrulespksayspkthatpk80%pkofpkoutcomespkarepkcausedpkofpk20%pkofpkinputs
-pk20%pkofpkcriminalspkcommitpk80%pkofpkcrimes
-pk20%pkofpkdriverspkcausepk80%pkofpkallpktrafficpkaccidents
-pk80%pkofpkpollutionpkoriginatespkfrompk20%pkofpkallpkfactories
-pk20%pkofpkapkcompaniespkproductspkrepresentpk80%pkofpksales
-pk20%pkofpkemployeespkarepkresponsiblepkforpk80pkofpkthepkresults
-pk20%pkofpkstudentspkhavepkgradespk80%pkorpkhigher
Truepkforpkallpkaspectspkofpklife
-pk20%pkofpkthepkcrowdpkarepkcausepk80%pkofpkproblems****
CrowdpkStampedepk-pkcorrectpkans---
pkOccurspkwhenpkapkcrowdpkofpkpeoplepkmovepkinpkthepksamepkdirectionpkatpkthepksamepktime-
pksomepkmaypkcollidepkorpkpilepkuppkagainstpkorpkonpktoppkofpkeachpkother
-pkImpulsive,pkcausedpkbypkcatalysts
CrowdpkSurgespk-pkcorrectpkans---
pkApk"surge"pkispkapksuddenpkandpkpowerfulpkmovementpklikepkonepkwouldpkwitnesspkwithpkwavespk
ofpkthepkoceanpktide
-pkUnrelentingpkpressurepkfrompkallpkside-pkapkcrushingpk"drowning"pkinpkapkseapkofpkpeople
