CROWD MANAGEMENT FINAL EXAM
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Crowd rControl r- rcorrect ranswers r-A rpublic rsecurity rpractice rwhere rlarge rcrowds rare
rmanaged rto rprevent rthe routbreak rof rcrown rcrush, raffray, rfights rinvolving rdrunk rand
rdisorderly rpeople ror rriots
Crowd rManagement r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rThe rsystematic rplanning rfor, rand rthe
rsupervision rof rthe rorderly rmovement rand rassembly rof rpeople
- rThe rassessment rof rthe rpeople rhandling rcapabilities rof ra rspace rprior rto rits ruse
- rIncludes: roccupancy, rmeans rof ringress/ regress, rprocessing rprocedures, rexpected
rtypes rof ractivities, rgroup rbehavior
Crowd rSurges r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rA r"surge" ris ra rsudden rand rpowerful rmovement
rlike rone rwould rwitness rwith rwaves rof rthe rocean rtide
- rUnrelenting rpressure rfrom rall rside- ra rcrushing r"drowning" rin ra rsea rof rpeople
, - rOccur rin rplaces rwhere rtoo rmany rpeople rare rcrowded rin rone rplace r(entrance/exit,
rstanding rin ra rroom)
2 rComponents r- rcorrect ranswers r-1. rDense rCrowd- rlots rof rpeople rin rone rplace;
rforce rmagnifies rat rthe repicenter ror ron rthe redges
2. rCatalyst- rsomething rthat rcauses rcrowd rto rshift ror rmove r[sudden rrain, rmore
rpeople, rfights]
Most rdeaths rcaused rby rasphyxiations, rnot rtrampling r(people rsqueezed rso rhard rthey
rcan't rbreathe)
- rPushing rfrom rthe rback rto rfront; rfrom rthe rfront rto rback; r& rpotentially rfrom rthe rtop
rif rone rfalls
- rOften rcaused rby rfailure rto rcreate ra rsafe renvironment r(not ralways ra rstampede)
Crowd rStampede r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rOccurs rwhen ra rcrowd rof rpeople rmove rin rthe
rsame rdirection rat rthe rsame rtime- rsome rmay rcollide ror rpile rup ragainst ror ron rtop rof
reach rother
- rImpulsive, rcaused rby rcatalysts
Crowd rDensity r- rcorrect ranswers r-Person rper rSq rMeter ror r10 rsq rft
2 r- rSafe rDensity rat rwhich rwe rtypically ruse rwhen rplanning rcrowded rspaces. rThe
rcrowd rhas rgood rfree rfollowing rmovement r[GREEN]
3 r- rMovement rstarts rbeing rconstricted r[YELLOW]
4-5 r- rCritical rdensity rduring rwhich rcrowd rsurges rare rlikely rto roccur r[RED]
6-7 r- rMovement ris rvery rlimited rto ra rdangerous rlevel r[RED]
[10] r8+ r- rMovement ris ralmost rimpossible rdue rto rpressure ron reach rperson r[RED]
Event rPhases r- rcorrect ranswers r-A- rarrival
L- rLast rmile
I- rIngress
C- rCirculation
E- rEgress
D- rDispersal
Arrival r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rLocal rArea
-Transportation rhub
- rParking rFacilities
Last rMile r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rBetween rarrival rand rfacility
- rLine rqueuing rclose rto rvenue
Ingress r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rEntering rthe rvenue/ revent
Circulation r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rMovement rin revent/venue
- rCrowd rdynamics rsuch ras rcollapses ror rsure rat rstage
Egress r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rCrowd rleaving rvenue/event
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Crowd rControl r- rcorrect ranswers r-A rpublic rsecurity rpractice rwhere rlarge rcrowds rare
rmanaged rto rprevent rthe routbreak rof rcrown rcrush, raffray, rfights rinvolving rdrunk rand
rdisorderly rpeople ror rriots
Crowd rManagement r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rThe rsystematic rplanning rfor, rand rthe
rsupervision rof rthe rorderly rmovement rand rassembly rof rpeople
- rThe rassessment rof rthe rpeople rhandling rcapabilities rof ra rspace rprior rto rits ruse
- rIncludes: roccupancy, rmeans rof ringress/ regress, rprocessing rprocedures, rexpected
rtypes rof ractivities, rgroup rbehavior
Crowd rSurges r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rA r"surge" ris ra rsudden rand rpowerful rmovement
rlike rone rwould rwitness rwith rwaves rof rthe rocean rtide
- rUnrelenting rpressure rfrom rall rside- ra rcrushing r"drowning" rin ra rsea rof rpeople
, - rOccur rin rplaces rwhere rtoo rmany rpeople rare rcrowded rin rone rplace r(entrance/exit,
rstanding rin ra rroom)
2 rComponents r- rcorrect ranswers r-1. rDense rCrowd- rlots rof rpeople rin rone rplace;
rforce rmagnifies rat rthe repicenter ror ron rthe redges
2. rCatalyst- rsomething rthat rcauses rcrowd rto rshift ror rmove r[sudden rrain, rmore
rpeople, rfights]
Most rdeaths rcaused rby rasphyxiations, rnot rtrampling r(people rsqueezed rso rhard rthey
rcan't rbreathe)
- rPushing rfrom rthe rback rto rfront; rfrom rthe rfront rto rback; r& rpotentially rfrom rthe rtop
rif rone rfalls
- rOften rcaused rby rfailure rto rcreate ra rsafe renvironment r(not ralways ra rstampede)
Crowd rStampede r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rOccurs rwhen ra rcrowd rof rpeople rmove rin rthe
rsame rdirection rat rthe rsame rtime- rsome rmay rcollide ror rpile rup ragainst ror ron rtop rof
reach rother
- rImpulsive, rcaused rby rcatalysts
Crowd rDensity r- rcorrect ranswers r-Person rper rSq rMeter ror r10 rsq rft
2 r- rSafe rDensity rat rwhich rwe rtypically ruse rwhen rplanning rcrowded rspaces. rThe
rcrowd rhas rgood rfree rfollowing rmovement r[GREEN]
3 r- rMovement rstarts rbeing rconstricted r[YELLOW]
4-5 r- rCritical rdensity rduring rwhich rcrowd rsurges rare rlikely rto roccur r[RED]
6-7 r- rMovement ris rvery rlimited rto ra rdangerous rlevel r[RED]
[10] r8+ r- rMovement ris ralmost rimpossible rdue rto rpressure ron reach rperson r[RED]
Event rPhases r- rcorrect ranswers r-A- rarrival
L- rLast rmile
I- rIngress
C- rCirculation
E- rEgress
D- rDispersal
Arrival r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rLocal rArea
-Transportation rhub
- rParking rFacilities
Last rMile r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rBetween rarrival rand rfacility
- rLine rqueuing rclose rto rvenue
Ingress r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rEntering rthe rvenue/ revent
Circulation r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rMovement rin revent/venue
- rCrowd rdynamics rsuch ras rcollapses ror rsure rat rstage
Egress r- rcorrect ranswers r-- rCrowd rleaving rvenue/event
