SIFT Study Guide 2024/2025 Exam
Questions Marking Scheme New Update
| A+ Rated
Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔An object in motion (or
at rest) will tend to stay in motion (or at rest) until it is acted upon by an
outside force.
Interia - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The tendency of an object to resist a change in
velocity whether the object is in motion or motionless
kinetic friction - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔when the surface of one object slides along
the surface of another object, static friction overcome. size of the friction
force increases with an object's weight.
fluid friction - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔a friction force that opposes the motion of an
object through a fluid (liquid or gas)
rolling friction - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔friction that occurs when an object rolls over
a surface
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,static friction - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔a friction force that acts on objects that are
not moving by an external force, always equal to the force applied to the
object.
Newton's Second Law - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔F=ma
Force equals mass times acceleration
Newton's Third Law - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔For every action force there is an
equal and opposite reaction force
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔a particle attracts
every other particle in the universe with a force which is directly
proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between their centers.
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Equation - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔
Bernoulli's Principle - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔as the velocity of a fluid increases,
the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases (hydrodynamics)
weight - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔force of gravity pushing the aircraft down
lift - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔force required to raise the aircraft
thrust - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔force applied to move aircraft forward
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,drag - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔force that slows the aircraft down in prep for landing
Empty Weight Center of Gravity (EWCG) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔predetermined
calculation of an aircraft's weight and balance
Manufacturer's Empty Weight (MEW) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Total weight of the
aircraft as it was built.
Operating Empty Weight (OEW) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔MEW plus the weight of
the crew, fluids, unusable fuel, and the equipment required for flight.
All-Up Weight (AUW) or Aircraft Gross Weight (AGW) - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Total aircraft weight at any given moment during a flight
decreases as fuel and fluids are consumed during the operation
Maximum Landing Weight (MLW) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Aircraft's weight limit for
landing
Maximum Zero Fuel Weight (MZFW) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Permissible weight
of an aircraft with its contents and includes unusable fuel. excludes the
weight of usable fuel on board
Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔aircraft's weight limit
for takeoff
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Maximum Ramp Weight (MRW) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The weight limit for an
aircraft to taxi or be towed on the ground.
Flight Envelope - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Encompasses the limits of speed,
altitude, and angle of attack required by any aircraft to maintain a stable
flight.
Angle of Attack (AOA) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The angle between the direction of
airflow against the wing and the chord
Downwash - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the downward movement of air behind a wing
in flight
Ailerons - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Located on the trailing edge of the wing to
provide roll control
Flaps - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Control surfaces attached to the trailing edge of the
wing extending outward from the fuselage to the midpoint of each wing. can
increase the lifting efficiency of the wing and decrease stall speed.
Spoilers - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔devices located on the wings that disrupt the
airflow over the wing causing loss of lift, reduce airspeed, and aid in landing
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Questions Marking Scheme New Update
| A+ Rated
Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔An object in motion (or
at rest) will tend to stay in motion (or at rest) until it is acted upon by an
outside force.
Interia - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The tendency of an object to resist a change in
velocity whether the object is in motion or motionless
kinetic friction - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔when the surface of one object slides along
the surface of another object, static friction overcome. size of the friction
force increases with an object's weight.
fluid friction - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔a friction force that opposes the motion of an
object through a fluid (liquid or gas)
rolling friction - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔friction that occurs when an object rolls over
a surface
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,static friction - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔a friction force that acts on objects that are
not moving by an external force, always equal to the force applied to the
object.
Newton's Second Law - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔F=ma
Force equals mass times acceleration
Newton's Third Law - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔For every action force there is an
equal and opposite reaction force
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔a particle attracts
every other particle in the universe with a force which is directly
proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between their centers.
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Equation - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔
Bernoulli's Principle - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔as the velocity of a fluid increases,
the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases (hydrodynamics)
weight - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔force of gravity pushing the aircraft down
lift - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔force required to raise the aircraft
thrust - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔force applied to move aircraft forward
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,drag - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔force that slows the aircraft down in prep for landing
Empty Weight Center of Gravity (EWCG) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔predetermined
calculation of an aircraft's weight and balance
Manufacturer's Empty Weight (MEW) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Total weight of the
aircraft as it was built.
Operating Empty Weight (OEW) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔MEW plus the weight of
the crew, fluids, unusable fuel, and the equipment required for flight.
All-Up Weight (AUW) or Aircraft Gross Weight (AGW) - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Total aircraft weight at any given moment during a flight
decreases as fuel and fluids are consumed during the operation
Maximum Landing Weight (MLW) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Aircraft's weight limit for
landing
Maximum Zero Fuel Weight (MZFW) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Permissible weight
of an aircraft with its contents and includes unusable fuel. excludes the
weight of usable fuel on board
Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔aircraft's weight limit
for takeoff
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Maximum Ramp Weight (MRW) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The weight limit for an
aircraft to taxi or be towed on the ground.
Flight Envelope - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Encompasses the limits of speed,
altitude, and angle of attack required by any aircraft to maintain a stable
flight.
Angle of Attack (AOA) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The angle between the direction of
airflow against the wing and the chord
Downwash - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the downward movement of air behind a wing
in flight
Ailerons - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Located on the trailing edge of the wing to
provide roll control
Flaps - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Control surfaces attached to the trailing edge of the
wing extending outward from the fuselage to the midpoint of each wing. can
increase the lifting efficiency of the wing and decrease stall speed.
Spoilers - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔devices located on the wings that disrupt the
airflow over the wing causing loss of lift, reduce airspeed, and aid in landing
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
