Intro to Geology: Chap. 2 Vocab
● A sthenosphere=>A subdivision of the mantle situatedbelow the
lithosphere.
- It exists below a depth of about 100 kilometers and in some regions
extends as deep as 700 kilometers.
- The rock within this zone.
● Continental drift hypothesis=>A hypothesis, creditedlargely to Alfred
Wegener
- Suggests that all present continents once existed as a single
supercontinent.
● Continental rift=>A linear zone along which continentallithosphere
stretches and pulls apart. Its creation may mark the beginning of a new
ocean basin.
● Continental volcanic arc=>Mountains formed partlyby igneous activity
associated with the subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath a continent.
- Andes
- Cascades
● Convection=> The transfer of heat by the mass movementor circulation of
a substance.
● Convergent plate boundary=> A boundary in which twoplates move
together, resulting in oceanic lithosphere being thrust beneath an
overriding plate, eventually being reabsorbed into the mantle.
● Curie point=> The temperature above which a materialloses its
magnetization.
● Divergent plate boundary=> A boundary in which twoplates move apart,
resulting in the upwelling of material from the mantle to create new
seafloor.
● Fracture Zone=> A linear zone of irregular topographyon the deep-ocean
floor that follows transform faults and their inactive extensions.
● Hot spot=> A concentration of heat in the mantle,capable of producing
magma that, in turn, extrudes onto Earth’s surface.
● Hot-spot track=> A spring in which the water is 6-9degrees Celcius
warmer than the mean annual air temperature of its locality.
● Lithosphere=> The rigid outer layer of Earth, includingthe crust and
upper mantle.
● A sthenosphere=>A subdivision of the mantle situatedbelow the
lithosphere.
- It exists below a depth of about 100 kilometers and in some regions
extends as deep as 700 kilometers.
- The rock within this zone.
● Continental drift hypothesis=>A hypothesis, creditedlargely to Alfred
Wegener
- Suggests that all present continents once existed as a single
supercontinent.
● Continental rift=>A linear zone along which continentallithosphere
stretches and pulls apart. Its creation may mark the beginning of a new
ocean basin.
● Continental volcanic arc=>Mountains formed partlyby igneous activity
associated with the subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath a continent.
- Andes
- Cascades
● Convection=> The transfer of heat by the mass movementor circulation of
a substance.
● Convergent plate boundary=> A boundary in which twoplates move
together, resulting in oceanic lithosphere being thrust beneath an
overriding plate, eventually being reabsorbed into the mantle.
● Curie point=> The temperature above which a materialloses its
magnetization.
● Divergent plate boundary=> A boundary in which twoplates move apart,
resulting in the upwelling of material from the mantle to create new
seafloor.
● Fracture Zone=> A linear zone of irregular topographyon the deep-ocean
floor that follows transform faults and their inactive extensions.
● Hot spot=> A concentration of heat in the mantle,capable of producing
magma that, in turn, extrudes onto Earth’s surface.
● Hot-spot track=> A spring in which the water is 6-9degrees Celcius
warmer than the mean annual air temperature of its locality.
● Lithosphere=> The rigid outer layer of Earth, includingthe crust and
upper mantle.
