Pharmacology Chapters 1-13 Study Guide
2025
Drug - Answer Any substance that is taken to cure, or reduce symptoms of a medical condition.
Pharmacology - Answer The study of medicine.
Pharmacotherapy/Pharmacotherapeutics - Answer Application of drugs for the purpose of disease
prevention and treatment of suffering.
Indications and Contraindications - Answer The conditions for which a drug is approved are its
indications. Every drug has at least one indication. Some drugs are used for conditions for which they
have not been approved; these are called unlabeled or off- label indications.
Therapeutic classification - Answer -Based on their usefulness in treating a specific disease
-The key to therapeutic classification is to simply state what condition is being treated by the particular
drug.
-The prefix anti- refers to therapeutic classification.
Pharmacologic Classification - Answer -Addresses a drugs mechanism of action or how a drug produces
its effect in the body.
-More specific than therapeutic
-Requires biochemistry and pathophysiology
Chemical name - Answer -Assigned using standard nomenclature.
-A drug has only one chemical name
,-Helpful in predicting a drugs physical and chemical properties.
Generic name - Answer Name assigned by the United States Adopted Name Council.
Less complicated and easy to remember.
Trade Name - Answer Sometimes called the proprietary product, or brand name is assigned by the
pharmaceutical company maketing the drug.
Exclusivity - Answer Typical length of exclusivity for a new drug is 5 years.
Combination drug - Answer Drugs with more than one active generic ingredient.
Pros and Cons of Generic Drugs - Answer Generic drugs are less expensive than brand name drugs, by
they may differ in bioavailability. (The rate at which drug produces its effect.)
The nurses responsibility for knowledge in regards to pharmacotherapeutics... - Answer Is what drug is
ordered including name and drug classification, intended or proposed used, effects on the body,
contraindications, special considerations (how age, weight, body fat distribution, and pathophysiologic
states affect pharmacotheraputic response), expected and potential adverse events, why the drug was
prescribed how the drug is supplied by the pharmacy, administration of the drug, and what
considerations apply to the patient.
The major goal to study pharmacology... - Answer is to eliminate medication errors and to limit the
number and severity of adverse drug events.
To prevent medication errors RN's can - Answer Routinely apply their experience and knowledge of
pharmacotherapeutics to clinical practice. It is vital the nurse be prepared to cognized and respond to
potential adverse effects of the medication.
, Pharmacotherapy and the older adult
(pharmokinetic and pharmodynamics). - Answer Normal aging processes can alter pharmacokinetic
and pharmacodynamics responses to drugs.
Pharmacotherapy and the older adult
(absorption) - Answer Overall, absorption of nutrients and drugs tend to slow with aging.
Pharmacotherapy and the older adult (plasma levels drug concentration in tissues) - Answer Age
related increases in fat storage cause lipid soluble drugs to be stored in the body for extended periods,
leading to lower plasma levels and increased drug concentrations in the tissues.
Age related changes in the liver - Answer Include reduced hepatic function, decreased liver mass,
diminished blood flow, and alteration in the activity of hepatic enzymes.
Frequency of administration for older adults - Answer Should be decreased to avoid toxicity due to
drug accumulation.
Older adults and receptors - Answer Pharmacodynamic changes are usually associated with drug
receptors. Evidence suggests that older adults have a decreased number of receptors.
The government agency that is responsible for regulating drugs in the United States. - Answer FDA-
Food and Drug Administration.
o Protect the public health.
o Speeding innovations that make medicines and food more effective.
o Helping the public get more accurate information.
Overall process to get new drugs on the market. - Answer o Step 1-Pre-Clinical research: Involves
extensive lab testing by the parmacutical company. If the drug appears promising the pharmaceutical
company submits an investigational New drug (IND) application. (contains animal testing)
2025
Drug - Answer Any substance that is taken to cure, or reduce symptoms of a medical condition.
Pharmacology - Answer The study of medicine.
Pharmacotherapy/Pharmacotherapeutics - Answer Application of drugs for the purpose of disease
prevention and treatment of suffering.
Indications and Contraindications - Answer The conditions for which a drug is approved are its
indications. Every drug has at least one indication. Some drugs are used for conditions for which they
have not been approved; these are called unlabeled or off- label indications.
Therapeutic classification - Answer -Based on their usefulness in treating a specific disease
-The key to therapeutic classification is to simply state what condition is being treated by the particular
drug.
-The prefix anti- refers to therapeutic classification.
Pharmacologic Classification - Answer -Addresses a drugs mechanism of action or how a drug produces
its effect in the body.
-More specific than therapeutic
-Requires biochemistry and pathophysiology
Chemical name - Answer -Assigned using standard nomenclature.
-A drug has only one chemical name
,-Helpful in predicting a drugs physical and chemical properties.
Generic name - Answer Name assigned by the United States Adopted Name Council.
Less complicated and easy to remember.
Trade Name - Answer Sometimes called the proprietary product, or brand name is assigned by the
pharmaceutical company maketing the drug.
Exclusivity - Answer Typical length of exclusivity for a new drug is 5 years.
Combination drug - Answer Drugs with more than one active generic ingredient.
Pros and Cons of Generic Drugs - Answer Generic drugs are less expensive than brand name drugs, by
they may differ in bioavailability. (The rate at which drug produces its effect.)
The nurses responsibility for knowledge in regards to pharmacotherapeutics... - Answer Is what drug is
ordered including name and drug classification, intended or proposed used, effects on the body,
contraindications, special considerations (how age, weight, body fat distribution, and pathophysiologic
states affect pharmacotheraputic response), expected and potential adverse events, why the drug was
prescribed how the drug is supplied by the pharmacy, administration of the drug, and what
considerations apply to the patient.
The major goal to study pharmacology... - Answer is to eliminate medication errors and to limit the
number and severity of adverse drug events.
To prevent medication errors RN's can - Answer Routinely apply their experience and knowledge of
pharmacotherapeutics to clinical practice. It is vital the nurse be prepared to cognized and respond to
potential adverse effects of the medication.
, Pharmacotherapy and the older adult
(pharmokinetic and pharmodynamics). - Answer Normal aging processes can alter pharmacokinetic
and pharmacodynamics responses to drugs.
Pharmacotherapy and the older adult
(absorption) - Answer Overall, absorption of nutrients and drugs tend to slow with aging.
Pharmacotherapy and the older adult (plasma levels drug concentration in tissues) - Answer Age
related increases in fat storage cause lipid soluble drugs to be stored in the body for extended periods,
leading to lower plasma levels and increased drug concentrations in the tissues.
Age related changes in the liver - Answer Include reduced hepatic function, decreased liver mass,
diminished blood flow, and alteration in the activity of hepatic enzymes.
Frequency of administration for older adults - Answer Should be decreased to avoid toxicity due to
drug accumulation.
Older adults and receptors - Answer Pharmacodynamic changes are usually associated with drug
receptors. Evidence suggests that older adults have a decreased number of receptors.
The government agency that is responsible for regulating drugs in the United States. - Answer FDA-
Food and Drug Administration.
o Protect the public health.
o Speeding innovations that make medicines and food more effective.
o Helping the public get more accurate information.
Overall process to get new drugs on the market. - Answer o Step 1-Pre-Clinical research: Involves
extensive lab testing by the parmacutical company. If the drug appears promising the pharmaceutical
company submits an investigational New drug (IND) application. (contains animal testing)
