2025 A+ Pass
Iodine (I) - ✔✔✔Deficiency leads to goiter
Calcium (Ca) - ✔✔✔Required for muscle contraction, nervous impulses, and blood clotting
Sodium (Na) - ✔✔✔Cramps; mental and physical lethargy; lack of appetite; too much increases blood
pressure
Fluorine (F) - ✔✔✔Helps prevent tooth decay
Oxygen (O) - ✔✔✔Needed as the final electron acceptor to make ATP
Sodium (Na) - ✔✔✔Extracellular cation important for water balance, muscle contraction, and nervous
impulses
Magnesium (Mg) - ✔✔✔Cofactor in many metabolic reactions; enzymes for DNA replication; too much
causes diarrhea
Manganese (Mn) - ✔✔✔Best absorbed when levels remain low; too much leads to impotency and low
libido
Selenium (Se) - ✔✔✔Helps repair DNA and promotes healthy eyes, skin, and hair; prevents dandruff
Chromium (Cr) - ✔✔✔Impaired ability to metabolize glucose
Iodine (I) - ✔✔✔needed to make thyroid hormones