JCAT Independent Study Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025
Which of the following is NOT hereditary?
A) Migraines
B) Diabetes
C) Nystagmus
D) Conjunctivitis - Answers D) Conjunctivitis
Which part of the patient examination is performed by asking specific questions in an orderly sequence?
A) History
B) Diagnosis
C) Measurement
D) Assessment - Answers A) History
What is an important question to ask a patient that complains of a "red eye"?
A) Do you have blurred vision?
B) Do you see flashing lights?
C) Do you wear glasses?
D) Do you see floaters? - Answers A) Do you have blurred vision?
What is the term used to refer to symptoms due to uncorrected refractive error?
A) Ametropia
B) Asthenopia
C) Esotropia
D) Anisometropia - Answers B) Asthenopia
Symptoms associated with a red, irritated, and bloodshot eye are most likely due to:
A) a retinal detachment
B) a cataract
C) conjunctivitis
,D) open-angle glaucoma - Answers C) conjunctivitis
Which of the following MOST qualifies as a chief complaint?
A) Current medications
B) Munson's sign
C) Eye fatigue
D) Exophoria - Answers C) Eye fatigue
Which common familial ocular disorder should you record during a patient's history?
A) Scoliosis
B) Keratoconus
C) Hemophilia
D) Cholesterolemia - Answers B) Keratoconus
Which of the following symptoms requires prompt attention?
A) Diplopia
B) Pain in the eye
C) Gritty feeling
D) Sudden loss of vision - Answers C) Gritty feeling
After introduction to the patient, one of the first items that should be obtained as part of history taking
is the:
A) medications and dosages that the patient is currently taking
B) chief complaint or reason for the patient's visit
C) patient's allergy history
D) patient's family medical history - Answers B) chief complaint or reason for the patient's visit
Measuring visual acuity with a potential acuity meter is useful for patients with:
A) glaucoma
B) cataracts
C) optic neuritis
,D) age-related macular degeneration - Answers B) cataracts
Near vision charts should be held about how many inches from the eye?
A) 10-12
B) 14-16
C) 18-20
D) 22-24 - Answers B) 14-16
If poor vision is simply due to refractive error, the acuity should improve with use of a(n)
A) placido disc
B) pinhole disc
C) occluder over non-dominant eye
D) occluder over dominant eye - Answers B) pinhole disc
What is the recommended distance used for assessing distance acuity?
A) 3 ft
B) 10 ft
C) 20 ft
D) 40 ft - Answers C) 20 ft
If a person is able to see an object at 20 feet that can be seen at 60 feet by a person with no refractive
error, their visual acuity is said to be:
A) 20/20
B) 20/40
C) 20/60
D) 20/80 - Answers C) 20/60
What does the numerator stand for in the 20/20 notation?
A) Distance between the patient and the examiner
B) Distance from the patient's eyes to the chart
C) Further distance from which the patient can see the letters
, D) Closest distance from which the patient can see the letters - Answers B) Distance from the patient's
eyes to the chart
Which statement refers to the letters on the Snellen chart?
A) Because they subtend the same amount of arc, each letter is equally recognizable
B) Even though they each subtend the same amount of arc, some letters are easier to recognize than
others.
C) Different letters subtend different amounts of arc, yet each letter is equally recognizable.
D) Different letters subtend different amounts of arc, thus some letters are easier to recognize than
others. - Answers B) Even though they each subtend the same amount of arc, some letters are easier to
recognize than others.
If a patient is unable to distinguish the largest letter on a Snellen chart, the assistant should:
A) determine if the patient can count fingers at a given distance
B) immediately assess for hand motion
C) darken the room and check for light perception
D) record "unable to assess" in the patient's chart - Answers A) determine if the patient can count
fingers at a given distance
In visual assessment, an infant would be expected to reach for toys by the age of:
A) 2-4 months
B) 4-6 months
C) 6-8 months
D) 8-10 months - Answers B) 4-6 months
What is the MOST common way to record visual acuity in infants and preverbal children?
A) MCS
B) CSM
C) MCG
D) CMG - Answers B) CSM
The Amsler grid is designed to evaluate visual field deficiencies in how many degrees of central vision?
Which of the following is NOT hereditary?
A) Migraines
B) Diabetes
C) Nystagmus
D) Conjunctivitis - Answers D) Conjunctivitis
Which part of the patient examination is performed by asking specific questions in an orderly sequence?
A) History
B) Diagnosis
C) Measurement
D) Assessment - Answers A) History
What is an important question to ask a patient that complains of a "red eye"?
A) Do you have blurred vision?
B) Do you see flashing lights?
C) Do you wear glasses?
D) Do you see floaters? - Answers A) Do you have blurred vision?
What is the term used to refer to symptoms due to uncorrected refractive error?
A) Ametropia
B) Asthenopia
C) Esotropia
D) Anisometropia - Answers B) Asthenopia
Symptoms associated with a red, irritated, and bloodshot eye are most likely due to:
A) a retinal detachment
B) a cataract
C) conjunctivitis
,D) open-angle glaucoma - Answers C) conjunctivitis
Which of the following MOST qualifies as a chief complaint?
A) Current medications
B) Munson's sign
C) Eye fatigue
D) Exophoria - Answers C) Eye fatigue
Which common familial ocular disorder should you record during a patient's history?
A) Scoliosis
B) Keratoconus
C) Hemophilia
D) Cholesterolemia - Answers B) Keratoconus
Which of the following symptoms requires prompt attention?
A) Diplopia
B) Pain in the eye
C) Gritty feeling
D) Sudden loss of vision - Answers C) Gritty feeling
After introduction to the patient, one of the first items that should be obtained as part of history taking
is the:
A) medications and dosages that the patient is currently taking
B) chief complaint or reason for the patient's visit
C) patient's allergy history
D) patient's family medical history - Answers B) chief complaint or reason for the patient's visit
Measuring visual acuity with a potential acuity meter is useful for patients with:
A) glaucoma
B) cataracts
C) optic neuritis
,D) age-related macular degeneration - Answers B) cataracts
Near vision charts should be held about how many inches from the eye?
A) 10-12
B) 14-16
C) 18-20
D) 22-24 - Answers B) 14-16
If poor vision is simply due to refractive error, the acuity should improve with use of a(n)
A) placido disc
B) pinhole disc
C) occluder over non-dominant eye
D) occluder over dominant eye - Answers B) pinhole disc
What is the recommended distance used for assessing distance acuity?
A) 3 ft
B) 10 ft
C) 20 ft
D) 40 ft - Answers C) 20 ft
If a person is able to see an object at 20 feet that can be seen at 60 feet by a person with no refractive
error, their visual acuity is said to be:
A) 20/20
B) 20/40
C) 20/60
D) 20/80 - Answers C) 20/60
What does the numerator stand for in the 20/20 notation?
A) Distance between the patient and the examiner
B) Distance from the patient's eyes to the chart
C) Further distance from which the patient can see the letters
, D) Closest distance from which the patient can see the letters - Answers B) Distance from the patient's
eyes to the chart
Which statement refers to the letters on the Snellen chart?
A) Because they subtend the same amount of arc, each letter is equally recognizable
B) Even though they each subtend the same amount of arc, some letters are easier to recognize than
others.
C) Different letters subtend different amounts of arc, yet each letter is equally recognizable.
D) Different letters subtend different amounts of arc, thus some letters are easier to recognize than
others. - Answers B) Even though they each subtend the same amount of arc, some letters are easier to
recognize than others.
If a patient is unable to distinguish the largest letter on a Snellen chart, the assistant should:
A) determine if the patient can count fingers at a given distance
B) immediately assess for hand motion
C) darken the room and check for light perception
D) record "unable to assess" in the patient's chart - Answers A) determine if the patient can count
fingers at a given distance
In visual assessment, an infant would be expected to reach for toys by the age of:
A) 2-4 months
B) 4-6 months
C) 6-8 months
D) 8-10 months - Answers B) 4-6 months
What is the MOST common way to record visual acuity in infants and preverbal children?
A) MCS
B) CSM
C) MCG
D) CMG - Answers B) CSM
The Amsler grid is designed to evaluate visual field deficiencies in how many degrees of central vision?
