NRES 348 Midterm Exam Best Answers
2024-2025 With 100% Guaranteed
Solutions
Management
Manipulation of populations or habitats to achieve specific goals
Goals of Management
1. Make population size greater
2. Make population size smaller
3. Harvest population for continuing yield (ex. Bag limits)
4. Leave it alone/protect it, but monitor status
Manipulative management
Acts on a population
Custodial Management
Preventative or protective (ex. Fence)
Primary activities in the fields of wildlife and fisheries?
Management, research, legal or public forum, law enforcement, advocacy
Conservation
Sustainable management and use of natural resources
Preservation
Leaving natural systems or resources as they are
Challenges and Issues of wildlife ecology
- habitat fragmentation and loss
- overexploitation
- introduced species and disease
,- changing attitudes towards the environment, hunting, and fishing
- extinctions
-integrating wildlife and fisheries management with related fields
- managing wildlife and fisheries locally when some challenges are at a global scale
Ecosystem Management
Relatively new and more comprehensive approach to conservation of biodiversity. "An approach
to maintaining or restoring the composition, structure, and function of natural and modified
ecosystems for the goal of long-term stability.
- developed in 1990's
Adaptive resource management
Approach is flexible to the unanticipated and complex outcomes. Involves continual
reassessment and innovation
Examples of systems where ecosystem approach has been adopted
Greater Yellowstone ecosystem
Chesapeake Bay program
Laurentian Great Lakes
The Everglades
The Grand Canyon/Colorado river
Columbia River Basin
Chicago Wilderness
Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem
One of the most economically important ecosystems in North America and one of the most
important for biodiversity. Commercially important oysters, blue crabs and fisheries
- for decades the ecological integrity was degraded by runoff
Notable actions/outcomes of Chesapeake bay efforts
1. Emphasis on protection and restoration of riparian forest to reduce runoff
2. Decreased phosphorus and nitrogen loads despite population increases (improvements in
municipal treatment plants)
3. Stability or increases in striped bass, blue crab, and other exploited populations
Population
Group of organisms of the same species that occupy a space sufficiently close to find each other
and reproduce
, Why understanding populations is important to the study of management of wildlife and
fisheries
1. Estimate how many animals can be harvested
2. Understand how environmental changes affect populations
3. Predict when and explain why a species or population is threatened or endangered with
extinction
4. Understand how one population might affect another
5. Use populations as indicators of environmental quality
Issues or fields where understanding population ecology is important
- small or declining populations
- restoration/reintroduction
- wildlife epidemiology (diseases)
- invasive species
- sustainable yield
- conservation
Carrying Capacity (K)
Number of individuals that the resources of a habitat can sustain
Carrying capacity os a function of:
- food/water
- cover
- predators, parasites, disease
- climate
- "quality" and quantity of habitat
Population dynamics
Study of changes in the number and composition of individuals in a populations, and the factors
that influence those changes
Four essential quantities
B = Birth
D = Death
I = Immigrants
E = Emmigrants
Density
2024-2025 With 100% Guaranteed
Solutions
Management
Manipulation of populations or habitats to achieve specific goals
Goals of Management
1. Make population size greater
2. Make population size smaller
3. Harvest population for continuing yield (ex. Bag limits)
4. Leave it alone/protect it, but monitor status
Manipulative management
Acts on a population
Custodial Management
Preventative or protective (ex. Fence)
Primary activities in the fields of wildlife and fisheries?
Management, research, legal or public forum, law enforcement, advocacy
Conservation
Sustainable management and use of natural resources
Preservation
Leaving natural systems or resources as they are
Challenges and Issues of wildlife ecology
- habitat fragmentation and loss
- overexploitation
- introduced species and disease
,- changing attitudes towards the environment, hunting, and fishing
- extinctions
-integrating wildlife and fisheries management with related fields
- managing wildlife and fisheries locally when some challenges are at a global scale
Ecosystem Management
Relatively new and more comprehensive approach to conservation of biodiversity. "An approach
to maintaining or restoring the composition, structure, and function of natural and modified
ecosystems for the goal of long-term stability.
- developed in 1990's
Adaptive resource management
Approach is flexible to the unanticipated and complex outcomes. Involves continual
reassessment and innovation
Examples of systems where ecosystem approach has been adopted
Greater Yellowstone ecosystem
Chesapeake Bay program
Laurentian Great Lakes
The Everglades
The Grand Canyon/Colorado river
Columbia River Basin
Chicago Wilderness
Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem
One of the most economically important ecosystems in North America and one of the most
important for biodiversity. Commercially important oysters, blue crabs and fisheries
- for decades the ecological integrity was degraded by runoff
Notable actions/outcomes of Chesapeake bay efforts
1. Emphasis on protection and restoration of riparian forest to reduce runoff
2. Decreased phosphorus and nitrogen loads despite population increases (improvements in
municipal treatment plants)
3. Stability or increases in striped bass, blue crab, and other exploited populations
Population
Group of organisms of the same species that occupy a space sufficiently close to find each other
and reproduce
, Why understanding populations is important to the study of management of wildlife and
fisheries
1. Estimate how many animals can be harvested
2. Understand how environmental changes affect populations
3. Predict when and explain why a species or population is threatened or endangered with
extinction
4. Understand how one population might affect another
5. Use populations as indicators of environmental quality
Issues or fields where understanding population ecology is important
- small or declining populations
- restoration/reintroduction
- wildlife epidemiology (diseases)
- invasive species
- sustainable yield
- conservation
Carrying Capacity (K)
Number of individuals that the resources of a habitat can sustain
Carrying capacity os a function of:
- food/water
- cover
- predators, parasites, disease
- climate
- "quality" and quantity of habitat
Population dynamics
Study of changes in the number and composition of individuals in a populations, and the factors
that influence those changes
Four essential quantities
B = Birth
D = Death
I = Immigrants
E = Emmigrants
Density
