WEST COAST EMT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+) LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
electical conduction system of the heart - CORRECT ANSWER - AV node, SA
node, bundle of His, bundle branches, purkinje fibers
layers of the blood vessels - CORRECT ANSWER - tunica intima (innermost
layer), tunica media (middle and thickest layer), tunica externa (outer layer)
anatomy of the sternum - CORRECT ANSWER - manubrium, body, xiphoid
process
anatomy of the upper airway - CORRECT ANSWER - Nose, Mouth, Jaw, Oral
Cavity, Pharynx, and Larynx
anatomy of lower airway - CORRECT ANSWER - Trachea, bronchioles, main
bronchi, and alveoli
major coronary arteries and what they supply - CORRECT ANSWER - right and
left coronary artery, supply oxygenated blood to heart. Arise from base of aorta
signs of adequate breathing - CORRECT ANSWER - - 12 to 20 breaths/min
- A regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation
- Clear and equal lung sounds on both sides of the chest (bilateral)
- Regular and equal chest rise and fall (chest expansion)
,- Adequate depth (tidal volume)
signs of inadequate breathing - CORRECT ANSWER - Abnormal rates
Irregular breathing problems
Diminished or absent breath sounds
Unequal or inadequate chest expansion
Inadequate depth
Pale skin or cyanosis
Accessory muscle use
Nasal flaring
Seesaw breathing in infants
types of lung sounds - CORRECT ANSWER - rales (upon inhalation, mucus, fine
crackles)
rhonchi (alveoli, coarse crackles, upon inhalation and exhalation)
stridor (seal bark, upon inhalation)
wheezing (high-pitched sound, upon exhalation)
location of organs in abdomen (quadrants) - CORRECT ANSWER - RUQ: liver,
stomach, gallbladder, duodenum, R kidney, pancreas, and R adrenal gland
LUQ: liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, and L adrenal gland
RLQ: appendix, reproductive organs, and R ureter
LLQ: L ureter, and reproductive organs
, functions of liver, pancreas, bile ducts, urinary system, galbladder - CORRECT
ANSWER - liver: a large, solid organ made of a large mass of blood vessels that
consumes the poisonous substances from digestion
pancreas: a flat, solid organ that contains the endocrine and endocrine glands;
located deep in the abdomen behind the stomach and liver
Bile ducts: connects the liver to the intestines
urinary system: controls the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the
blood by the kidneys; controls fluid balance in the body, controls pH balance,
filters and eliminates wastes
gallbladder: small pouch that extends from the bile ducts and serves as a reservoir
and concentrating organ for bile produced in the liver
functions that impair ventilation - CORRECT ANSWER - airway resistance,
alveolar surface tension, and lung compliance
ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch - CORRECT ANSWER - region of the
lung that lacks proper alveolar ventilation (V) and/or arterial perfusion (Q)
respiratory compromise and its negative effects on the human body - CORRECT
ANSWER - Respiratory compromise is the inability of the body to move gas
effectively. It occurs when either ventilation or respiration is impaired. The heart
and brain cells cannot survive without a constant supply of oxygen, and will die in
minutes.
types of shock with s/s and treatment for each - CORRECT ANSWER -
cardiogenic shock: Position comfortably, administer oxygen, assist ventilations,
transport promptly; Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump
failure.
obstructive shock: ALS assist and/or rapid transport
ANSWERS GRADED A+) LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
electical conduction system of the heart - CORRECT ANSWER - AV node, SA
node, bundle of His, bundle branches, purkinje fibers
layers of the blood vessels - CORRECT ANSWER - tunica intima (innermost
layer), tunica media (middle and thickest layer), tunica externa (outer layer)
anatomy of the sternum - CORRECT ANSWER - manubrium, body, xiphoid
process
anatomy of the upper airway - CORRECT ANSWER - Nose, Mouth, Jaw, Oral
Cavity, Pharynx, and Larynx
anatomy of lower airway - CORRECT ANSWER - Trachea, bronchioles, main
bronchi, and alveoli
major coronary arteries and what they supply - CORRECT ANSWER - right and
left coronary artery, supply oxygenated blood to heart. Arise from base of aorta
signs of adequate breathing - CORRECT ANSWER - - 12 to 20 breaths/min
- A regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation
- Clear and equal lung sounds on both sides of the chest (bilateral)
- Regular and equal chest rise and fall (chest expansion)
,- Adequate depth (tidal volume)
signs of inadequate breathing - CORRECT ANSWER - Abnormal rates
Irregular breathing problems
Diminished or absent breath sounds
Unequal or inadequate chest expansion
Inadequate depth
Pale skin or cyanosis
Accessory muscle use
Nasal flaring
Seesaw breathing in infants
types of lung sounds - CORRECT ANSWER - rales (upon inhalation, mucus, fine
crackles)
rhonchi (alveoli, coarse crackles, upon inhalation and exhalation)
stridor (seal bark, upon inhalation)
wheezing (high-pitched sound, upon exhalation)
location of organs in abdomen (quadrants) - CORRECT ANSWER - RUQ: liver,
stomach, gallbladder, duodenum, R kidney, pancreas, and R adrenal gland
LUQ: liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, and L adrenal gland
RLQ: appendix, reproductive organs, and R ureter
LLQ: L ureter, and reproductive organs
, functions of liver, pancreas, bile ducts, urinary system, galbladder - CORRECT
ANSWER - liver: a large, solid organ made of a large mass of blood vessels that
consumes the poisonous substances from digestion
pancreas: a flat, solid organ that contains the endocrine and endocrine glands;
located deep in the abdomen behind the stomach and liver
Bile ducts: connects the liver to the intestines
urinary system: controls the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the
blood by the kidneys; controls fluid balance in the body, controls pH balance,
filters and eliminates wastes
gallbladder: small pouch that extends from the bile ducts and serves as a reservoir
and concentrating organ for bile produced in the liver
functions that impair ventilation - CORRECT ANSWER - airway resistance,
alveolar surface tension, and lung compliance
ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch - CORRECT ANSWER - region of the
lung that lacks proper alveolar ventilation (V) and/or arterial perfusion (Q)
respiratory compromise and its negative effects on the human body - CORRECT
ANSWER - Respiratory compromise is the inability of the body to move gas
effectively. It occurs when either ventilation or respiration is impaired. The heart
and brain cells cannot survive without a constant supply of oxygen, and will die in
minutes.
types of shock with s/s and treatment for each - CORRECT ANSWER -
cardiogenic shock: Position comfortably, administer oxygen, assist ventilations,
transport promptly; Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump
failure.
obstructive shock: ALS assist and/or rapid transport
