NBME CBSE REAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
2023-2024 (usmle step 1)MEDICAL EXAMINATION | 1737 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+
Type II pneumocytes - (answer)surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - (answer)Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易阅读
Neonatal Respiratory Distress: 的”中文文章
Etiology + Tx - (answer)Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - (answer)Amniocentesis of Phospholipids (*type II
pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes - (answer)Squamous gas diffusion
Elastase in lungs - (answer)macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
,Elastin stretches and recoils due to - (answer)Lysine interchain crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - (answer)Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - (answer)Exhale of Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - (answer)LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - (answer)emphysema, age
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易阅读
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - (answer)DECREASE
的”中文文章
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - (answer)pulmonary = systemic
Anatomic pulmonary shunting - (answer)Bronchial circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
More ventilation is at the - (answer)BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - (answer)basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
,O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - (answer)low pH, high 2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs - (answer)*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - (answer)carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Cyanide poisoning causes - (answer)lactic acidosis
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易阅读
How to treat cyanide poisoning - (answer)*Amyl nitrite* --> Methemoglobin
的”中文文章
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Normal A-a gradient - (answer)5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - (answer)*Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how - (answer)ACE
, (- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what - (answer)PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
Korotkoff sound - (answer)BP cuff - appear and disappear
in inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus - (answer)10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
Pulsus Paradoxus occurs in - (answer)Cardiac Tamponade
Kussmaul sign - (answer)JVP rises *during inspiration*
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易阅读
Constrictive Pericardiditis
的”中文文章
Restrictive/Interstitial Lung Disease:
A-a, FVC, FEV1, EFR - (answer)Airway widening due to *radial traction* from fibrosis
*increase Aa*
decreased FVC & FEV1
*Increased EFR*
Sarcoidosis - (answer)*Th1 *noncaseating granulmona
bilateral hilar adenopathy
increased *ACE*
increased IL2, IFNg
1-a-hydroxylase in macrophages: vit D --> *HyperCa*
2023-2024 (usmle step 1)MEDICAL EXAMINATION | 1737 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+
Type II pneumocytes - (answer)surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - (answer)Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易阅读
Neonatal Respiratory Distress: 的”中文文章
Etiology + Tx - (answer)Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - (answer)Amniocentesis of Phospholipids (*type II
pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes - (answer)Squamous gas diffusion
Elastase in lungs - (answer)macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
,Elastin stretches and recoils due to - (answer)Lysine interchain crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - (answer)Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - (answer)Exhale of Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - (answer)LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - (answer)emphysema, age
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易阅读
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - (answer)DECREASE
的”中文文章
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - (answer)pulmonary = systemic
Anatomic pulmonary shunting - (answer)Bronchial circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
More ventilation is at the - (answer)BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - (answer)basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
,O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - (answer)low pH, high 2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs - (answer)*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - (answer)carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Cyanide poisoning causes - (answer)lactic acidosis
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易阅读
How to treat cyanide poisoning - (answer)*Amyl nitrite* --> Methemoglobin
的”中文文章
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Normal A-a gradient - (answer)5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - (answer)*Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how - (answer)ACE
, (- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what - (answer)PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
Korotkoff sound - (answer)BP cuff - appear and disappear
in inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus - (answer)10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
Pulsus Paradoxus occurs in - (answer)Cardiac Tamponade
Kussmaul sign - (answer)JVP rises *during inspiration*
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易阅读
Constrictive Pericardiditis
的”中文文章
Restrictive/Interstitial Lung Disease:
A-a, FVC, FEV1, EFR - (answer)Airway widening due to *radial traction* from fibrosis
*increase Aa*
decreased FVC & FEV1
*Increased EFR*
Sarcoidosis - (answer)*Th1 *noncaseating granulmona
bilateral hilar adenopathy
increased *ACE*
increased IL2, IFNg
1-a-hydroxylase in macrophages: vit D --> *HyperCa*
