NUR 342 Midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
Purposes of research
answer questions related to interventions, diagnoses, prognoses,
etiology, description of problem, meaning of problem
Evidence hierarchy
Ranking of studies according to their level of evidence; the
higher on the pyramid, the higher the level of evidence
Three components of EBP
Best evidence, Clinical expertise, Patient preferences/values
Barriers to EBP
lack of support in workplace, lack of evidence, lack of
knowledge/skills
Components of a PICOT question
Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
Time
Research problem
Overall clinical or research problem of interest
Brief statement
Problem statement
,Expanded description of the research problem including more
details
E.g., history/background/scope of problem, current status,
overview of other literature that has addressed problem, gaps in
previous literature, consequences for not addressing the
problem, rationale for why the current study is needed to address
these gaps
Statement of purpose
Aim, goal, purpose, objective statement
Hypotheses
Testable statement
Two or more variables needed
Directional vs. nondirectional
Purposes of a literature review
To summarize research evidence
To communicate or disseminate the current state of evidence to
colleagues
To inform the design and development of new studies
Sections of a research article:
Abstract, Introduction/Background, Methods,
Results,Discussion, Conclusion
Research critique
Assessment of a study's strengths, limitations, quality
Triangulation
, Use of multiple sources of information to draw conclusions
Can increase credibility and validity of study findings
Three ethical principles of Belmont report
Beneficence: do no harm, maximize benefits, minimize harm,
right to freedom from harm, right to protection from exploitation
Respect for persons: autonomy, voluntary participation,
informed consent (right to self-determination and full
disclosure)
justice: fairness in subject selection, right to fair treatment and
privacy, equitable distribution of benefits and burdens of
research
Ways that researchers can protect participants
informed consent, confidentiality, debriefings, referrals,
protection of vulnerable groups, IRB review
Examples of vulnerable groups
children, prisoners, pregnant women, homeless people, disabled
people
Ethical dilemmas
Situation where participant's rights and researcher goals/study
requirements are inconflict
Differences between qualitative and quantitative research
Generalizability
Characteristics of qualitative research
Purposes of research
answer questions related to interventions, diagnoses, prognoses,
etiology, description of problem, meaning of problem
Evidence hierarchy
Ranking of studies according to their level of evidence; the
higher on the pyramid, the higher the level of evidence
Three components of EBP
Best evidence, Clinical expertise, Patient preferences/values
Barriers to EBP
lack of support in workplace, lack of evidence, lack of
knowledge/skills
Components of a PICOT question
Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
Time
Research problem
Overall clinical or research problem of interest
Brief statement
Problem statement
,Expanded description of the research problem including more
details
E.g., history/background/scope of problem, current status,
overview of other literature that has addressed problem, gaps in
previous literature, consequences for not addressing the
problem, rationale for why the current study is needed to address
these gaps
Statement of purpose
Aim, goal, purpose, objective statement
Hypotheses
Testable statement
Two or more variables needed
Directional vs. nondirectional
Purposes of a literature review
To summarize research evidence
To communicate or disseminate the current state of evidence to
colleagues
To inform the design and development of new studies
Sections of a research article:
Abstract, Introduction/Background, Methods,
Results,Discussion, Conclusion
Research critique
Assessment of a study's strengths, limitations, quality
Triangulation
, Use of multiple sources of information to draw conclusions
Can increase credibility and validity of study findings
Three ethical principles of Belmont report
Beneficence: do no harm, maximize benefits, minimize harm,
right to freedom from harm, right to protection from exploitation
Respect for persons: autonomy, voluntary participation,
informed consent (right to self-determination and full
disclosure)
justice: fairness in subject selection, right to fair treatment and
privacy, equitable distribution of benefits and burdens of
research
Ways that researchers can protect participants
informed consent, confidentiality, debriefings, referrals,
protection of vulnerable groups, IRB review
Examples of vulnerable groups
children, prisoners, pregnant women, homeless people, disabled
people
Ethical dilemmas
Situation where participant's rights and researcher goals/study
requirements are inconflict
Differences between qualitative and quantitative research
Generalizability
Characteristics of qualitative research
