AQA GCSE Geography Glossary 2025-
Questions and Answers
PAPER 1 - SECTION A : CHALLENGE OF NATURAL HAZARDS - TECTONICS AND WEATHER PAPER 1
SECTION A : CHALLENGE OF NATURAL HAZARDS - TECTONICS AND WEATHER
Gross National Income (GNI) ✔️✔️A measurement of economic activity that is calculated by
dividing the gross national income by the size of the population; GNI takes into account not just
the value of goods and services, but also the income earned from investment overseas
Human Development Index (HDI) ✔️✔️A method of measuring development in which GDP per
capita, life expectancy and adult literacy are combined to give an overview; this combined
measure of development uses economic and social indicators to produce an index figure that
allows comparison between countries
Industrial Structure ✔️✔️The relative proportion of the workforce employed in different sectors
of the economy (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary)
Infant Mortality ✔️✔️The average number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, per 1000 live
births, per year
Information Technologies ✔️✔️Computer, internet, mobile phone and satellite technologies -
especially those that speed up communication and the flow of information
Intermediate Technology ✔️✔️The simple, easily learned and maintained technology used in a
range of economic activities serving local needs in LIC's
International Aid ✔️✔️Money, goods and services given by the government of one country or a
multilateral institution such as the World Bank or International Monetary Fund to help the
quality of life and economy of another country
,Life Expectancy ✔️✔️The average number of years a person might be expected to live
Literacy Rate ✔️✔️The percentage of people who have basic reading and writing skills
Microfinance Loans ✔️✔️Very small loans which are given to people in the LIC's to help them
start a small business
North-South Divide (UK) ✔️✔️Economic and cultural differences between Southern England (the
South-East, Greater London, the South-West and parts of the East) and Northern England (the
North-East, West and Yorkshire and the Humber); there are clear differences in health
conditions, house prices, earnings, and political influence
Post Industrial Economy ✔️✔️The economy of many economically developed countries where
most employment is now in service industries
Science and Business Parks ✔️✔️Business Parks are purpose built areas of offices and
warehouses, often at the edge of a city and on a main road; science parks are often located
near university sites, and high-tech industries are established; scientific research and
commercial development may be carried out in co-operation with the university
Service Industries (Tertiary Industries) ✔️✔️The economic activities that provide various services
- commercial (shops and banks), professional (solicitors and dentists), social (schools and
hospitals), entertainment (restaurants and cinemas) and personal (hairdressers and fitness
trainers
Trade ✔️✔️The buying and selling of goods and services between countries
Transnational Corporation (TNC) ✔️✔️A company that has operations (factories, offices, research
and development, shops) in more than one country; many TNCs are large and have well‐known
brands
, PAPER 2 SECTION C THE CHALLENGES OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ✔️✔️PAPER 2 SECTION C
THE CHALLENGES OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Agribusiness ✔️✔️Application of business skills to agriculture
Carbon Footprint ✔️✔️A measurement of all the greenhouse gases we individually produce,
through burning fossil fuels for electricity, transport etc, expressed as tonnes (or kg) of carbon-
dioxide equivalent
Energy Mix ✔️✔️The range of energy sources of a region or country, both renewable and non-
renewable
Fossil Fuel ✔️✔️A natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains
of living organisms
Local food sourcing ✔️✔️A method of food production and distribution that is local, rather than
national and/or international. Food is grown (or raised) and harvested close to consumers'
homes, then distributed over much shorter distances.
Organic produce ✔️✔️Food which is produced using environmentally and animal friendly farming
methods on organic farms. Artificial fertilisers are banned and farmers develop fertile soil by
rotating crops and using compost, manure and clover. It must be free of synthetic additives like
pesticides and dyes.
Resource Management ✔️✔️The control and monitoring of resources so that they do not
become depleted or exhausted
ENERGY SECTION ✔️✔️ENERGY SECTION
Questions and Answers
PAPER 1 - SECTION A : CHALLENGE OF NATURAL HAZARDS - TECTONICS AND WEATHER PAPER 1
SECTION A : CHALLENGE OF NATURAL HAZARDS - TECTONICS AND WEATHER
Gross National Income (GNI) ✔️✔️A measurement of economic activity that is calculated by
dividing the gross national income by the size of the population; GNI takes into account not just
the value of goods and services, but also the income earned from investment overseas
Human Development Index (HDI) ✔️✔️A method of measuring development in which GDP per
capita, life expectancy and adult literacy are combined to give an overview; this combined
measure of development uses economic and social indicators to produce an index figure that
allows comparison between countries
Industrial Structure ✔️✔️The relative proportion of the workforce employed in different sectors
of the economy (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary)
Infant Mortality ✔️✔️The average number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, per 1000 live
births, per year
Information Technologies ✔️✔️Computer, internet, mobile phone and satellite technologies -
especially those that speed up communication and the flow of information
Intermediate Technology ✔️✔️The simple, easily learned and maintained technology used in a
range of economic activities serving local needs in LIC's
International Aid ✔️✔️Money, goods and services given by the government of one country or a
multilateral institution such as the World Bank or International Monetary Fund to help the
quality of life and economy of another country
,Life Expectancy ✔️✔️The average number of years a person might be expected to live
Literacy Rate ✔️✔️The percentage of people who have basic reading and writing skills
Microfinance Loans ✔️✔️Very small loans which are given to people in the LIC's to help them
start a small business
North-South Divide (UK) ✔️✔️Economic and cultural differences between Southern England (the
South-East, Greater London, the South-West and parts of the East) and Northern England (the
North-East, West and Yorkshire and the Humber); there are clear differences in health
conditions, house prices, earnings, and political influence
Post Industrial Economy ✔️✔️The economy of many economically developed countries where
most employment is now in service industries
Science and Business Parks ✔️✔️Business Parks are purpose built areas of offices and
warehouses, often at the edge of a city and on a main road; science parks are often located
near university sites, and high-tech industries are established; scientific research and
commercial development may be carried out in co-operation with the university
Service Industries (Tertiary Industries) ✔️✔️The economic activities that provide various services
- commercial (shops and banks), professional (solicitors and dentists), social (schools and
hospitals), entertainment (restaurants and cinemas) and personal (hairdressers and fitness
trainers
Trade ✔️✔️The buying and selling of goods and services between countries
Transnational Corporation (TNC) ✔️✔️A company that has operations (factories, offices, research
and development, shops) in more than one country; many TNCs are large and have well‐known
brands
, PAPER 2 SECTION C THE CHALLENGES OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ✔️✔️PAPER 2 SECTION C
THE CHALLENGES OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Agribusiness ✔️✔️Application of business skills to agriculture
Carbon Footprint ✔️✔️A measurement of all the greenhouse gases we individually produce,
through burning fossil fuels for electricity, transport etc, expressed as tonnes (or kg) of carbon-
dioxide equivalent
Energy Mix ✔️✔️The range of energy sources of a region or country, both renewable and non-
renewable
Fossil Fuel ✔️✔️A natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains
of living organisms
Local food sourcing ✔️✔️A method of food production and distribution that is local, rather than
national and/or international. Food is grown (or raised) and harvested close to consumers'
homes, then distributed over much shorter distances.
Organic produce ✔️✔️Food which is produced using environmentally and animal friendly farming
methods on organic farms. Artificial fertilisers are banned and farmers develop fertile soil by
rotating crops and using compost, manure and clover. It must be free of synthetic additives like
pesticides and dyes.
Resource Management ✔️✔️The control and monitoring of resources so that they do not
become depleted or exhausted
ENERGY SECTION ✔️✔️ENERGY SECTION
