Name of Test Purpose Normal Range High Results Mean Low Results Mean
Low blood volume/ Liver failure, cirrhosis,
BUN Indirect measure
(Blood Urea Nitrogen) kidney function 10 – 20 dehydration, shock, HF, overhydration, nephrotic
kidney disease, drug toxicity syndrome
Diagnose impaired Male: 0.6 – 1.2 Kidney disease, heart failure, Debilitation, decreased
Creatinine (Cr) kidney function muscle disease muscle mass
Female: 0.5–1.1
Distal renal tubular
Measure urine Dehydration, pituitary tumor,
Specific Gravity disease, polycystic kidney
(Urinalysis)
particle 1.010 – 1.030 hypotension, HF, liver
disease, overhydration,
concentration failure
diabetes insipidus
Detects & monitors
Amylase (AMS) pancreatitis 60 – 120 Pancreatitis
Too much insulin
Diabetes, stress response,
production/overdose,
Glucose (serum) Blood sugar level 70 – 105 Cushing's, hyperthyroidism,
hypothyroidism,
acute/chronic pancreatitis
Addison's, liver disease
Cholesterol (serum) Risk for CAD < 200 Family high cholesterol/lipid Malabsorption,malnutrition
CBC
Illness, high altitude,
Male: 4.5 – 5.3 Anemia, hemorrhage, liver
RBC Evaluate anemia congenital heart disease,
cirrhosis
Female: 4.1–5.1 COPD
Drug toxicity, bone
Evaluates infection 5,000 – Infection, leukemic cancer, marrow failure,
WBC or
immunosuppression 10,000 steroid usage, severe sepsis overwhelming infections,
lupus
Rapid indirect Male: 13 – 18 Congenital heart disease, Anemia, cirrhosis,
Hemoglobin (Hgb) measurement of
RBC count Female: 12 – 16 dehydration, COPD hemorrhage
Indirect
measurement of red Male: 42 –52% Congenital heart disease, Anemia, cirrhosis,
Hematocrit (Hct) blood cell number dehydration, COPD hemorrhage
Female36–46%
and volume
Blood ability to clot
150,000 – Malignant disorders, Hemorrhage, infection,
Platelet
400,000 rheumatoid arthritis, anemia cancer therapy
Coagulation Studies
Anticoagulation therapy,
PT Tests extrinsic Digitalis therapy, diuretic
(Prothrombin time) clotting 11 – 15 seconds DIC, hepatic disease,
action, vitamin K therapy
malabsorption
PTT Tests coagulation Deficiency factors,
(Partial thromboplastin time) mechanisms 60 – 70 seconds anticoagulation therapy
Extensive cancer, DIC
APTT More sensitive than
(Activated PTT) PTT 30 – 45 seconds
INR > 1.5 – 2.0 Blood too thin, warfarin
Test for coagulation Blood too thick
(International Normalized Ratio) *Higher for prosthetic valve (Coumadin) therapy
DIC, recent surgery, active
Assess for
or recent bleeding, TE,
breakdown of a
D-Dimer venous clot (DVT, < 0.5 pregnancy, liver disease,
PE) inflammation, malignancy,
hypercoagulable states
Low blood volume/ Liver failure, cirrhosis,
BUN Indirect measure
(Blood Urea Nitrogen) kidney function 10 – 20 dehydration, shock, HF, overhydration, nephrotic
kidney disease, drug toxicity syndrome
Diagnose impaired Male: 0.6 – 1.2 Kidney disease, heart failure, Debilitation, decreased
Creatinine (Cr) kidney function muscle disease muscle mass
Female: 0.5–1.1
Distal renal tubular
Measure urine Dehydration, pituitary tumor,
Specific Gravity disease, polycystic kidney
(Urinalysis)
particle 1.010 – 1.030 hypotension, HF, liver
disease, overhydration,
concentration failure
diabetes insipidus
Detects & monitors
Amylase (AMS) pancreatitis 60 – 120 Pancreatitis
Too much insulin
Diabetes, stress response,
production/overdose,
Glucose (serum) Blood sugar level 70 – 105 Cushing's, hyperthyroidism,
hypothyroidism,
acute/chronic pancreatitis
Addison's, liver disease
Cholesterol (serum) Risk for CAD < 200 Family high cholesterol/lipid Malabsorption,malnutrition
CBC
Illness, high altitude,
Male: 4.5 – 5.3 Anemia, hemorrhage, liver
RBC Evaluate anemia congenital heart disease,
cirrhosis
Female: 4.1–5.1 COPD
Drug toxicity, bone
Evaluates infection 5,000 – Infection, leukemic cancer, marrow failure,
WBC or
immunosuppression 10,000 steroid usage, severe sepsis overwhelming infections,
lupus
Rapid indirect Male: 13 – 18 Congenital heart disease, Anemia, cirrhosis,
Hemoglobin (Hgb) measurement of
RBC count Female: 12 – 16 dehydration, COPD hemorrhage
Indirect
measurement of red Male: 42 –52% Congenital heart disease, Anemia, cirrhosis,
Hematocrit (Hct) blood cell number dehydration, COPD hemorrhage
Female36–46%
and volume
Blood ability to clot
150,000 – Malignant disorders, Hemorrhage, infection,
Platelet
400,000 rheumatoid arthritis, anemia cancer therapy
Coagulation Studies
Anticoagulation therapy,
PT Tests extrinsic Digitalis therapy, diuretic
(Prothrombin time) clotting 11 – 15 seconds DIC, hepatic disease,
action, vitamin K therapy
malabsorption
PTT Tests coagulation Deficiency factors,
(Partial thromboplastin time) mechanisms 60 – 70 seconds anticoagulation therapy
Extensive cancer, DIC
APTT More sensitive than
(Activated PTT) PTT 30 – 45 seconds
INR > 1.5 – 2.0 Blood too thin, warfarin
Test for coagulation Blood too thick
(International Normalized Ratio) *Higher for prosthetic valve (Coumadin) therapy
DIC, recent surgery, active
Assess for
or recent bleeding, TE,
breakdown of a
D-Dimer venous clot (DVT, < 0.5 pregnancy, liver disease,
PE) inflammation, malignancy,
hypercoagulable states
