Turning Data into Information Using ArcGIS
10 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions
and CORRECT Answers
What is the fundamental problem with representing geographic data? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The world is infinitely complex, so any digital representation of geographic
phenomena is inherently incomplete.
Name the six types of spatial analysis. - CORRECT ANSWER - Six types of spatial
analysis are queries and reasoning, measurements, transformations, descriptive summaries,
optimization, and hypothesis testing.
Describe uncertainty associated with the raster data model. - CORRECT ANSWER - In
the raster data model, spatial objects are defined as a set of contiguous cells with the same value.
Because an individual cell may store only one value, but in reality there may be a mix of values
in the area represented by the cell, the raster data model can distort the shape of spatial objects.
discrete object view - CORRECT ANSWER - A way of representing geography in which
the world is represented as objects with well defined boundaries in empty space. In the discrete
object view, geographic objects have dimensionality and can be counted.
ecological fallacy - CORRECT ANSWER - The assumption that an overall characteristic
of a zone is also a characteristic of any location or individual within the zone.
field view - CORRECT ANSWER - A way of representing geography in which the world
is represented as a continuous surface made up of a finite number of variables, each one defined
at every possible position. Fields can be distinguished by what varies and how smoothly.
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) - CORRECT ANSWER - A problem in spatial
analysis that occurs when artificial units of reporting, such as administrative or political
boundaries, are superimposed on continuous phenomena, resulting in the creation of artificial
spatial patterns.
, raster - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. A spatial data model that defines space as an array of
equally sized cells arranged in rows and columns, and composed of single or multiple bands.
Each cell contains an attribute value and location coordinates. Unlike a vector structure, which
stores coordinates explicitly, raster coordinates are contained in the ordering of the matrix.
Groups of cells that share the same value represent the same type of geographic feature.
2. In ArcGIS, an in-memory representation of a raster dataset. A raster may exist in memory as a
subset of a raster dataset; it may have a different cell size than the raster dataset; or it may exist
using a different transformation than the raster dataset.
spatial analysis - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of the locations and shapes of
geographic features and the relationships between them. Spatial analysis is useful when
evaluating suitability, when making predictions, and for gaining a better understanding of how
geographic features and phenomena are located and distributed.
spatial autocorrelation - CORRECT ANSWER - A statistical measure that describes the
extent to which the value of an attribute at geographically referenced points changes as a
function of the distance and orientation between them.
spatial interpolation - CORRECT ANSWER - The estimation of surface values at
unsampled points based on known surface values of surrounding points. Spatial interpolation can
be used to estimate elevation, rainfall, temperature, chemical dispersion, or other spatially-based
phenomena. Spatial interpolation is commonly a raster operation, but it can also be done in a
vector environment using a TIN surface model. There are several well-known interpolation
techniques, including inverse distance weighted and kriging.
vector - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. A coordinate-based data model that represents
geographic features as points, lines, and polygons. Each point feature is represented as a single
coordinate pair, while line and polygon features are represented as ordered lists of vertices.
Attributes are associated with each vector feature, as opposed to a raster data model, which
associates attributes with grid cells.
2. Any quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
lattice - CORRECT ANSWER - A representation of a surface using an array of regularly
spaced sample points (mesh points) that are referenced to a common origin and have a constant
10 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions
and CORRECT Answers
What is the fundamental problem with representing geographic data? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The world is infinitely complex, so any digital representation of geographic
phenomena is inherently incomplete.
Name the six types of spatial analysis. - CORRECT ANSWER - Six types of spatial
analysis are queries and reasoning, measurements, transformations, descriptive summaries,
optimization, and hypothesis testing.
Describe uncertainty associated with the raster data model. - CORRECT ANSWER - In
the raster data model, spatial objects are defined as a set of contiguous cells with the same value.
Because an individual cell may store only one value, but in reality there may be a mix of values
in the area represented by the cell, the raster data model can distort the shape of spatial objects.
discrete object view - CORRECT ANSWER - A way of representing geography in which
the world is represented as objects with well defined boundaries in empty space. In the discrete
object view, geographic objects have dimensionality and can be counted.
ecological fallacy - CORRECT ANSWER - The assumption that an overall characteristic
of a zone is also a characteristic of any location or individual within the zone.
field view - CORRECT ANSWER - A way of representing geography in which the world
is represented as a continuous surface made up of a finite number of variables, each one defined
at every possible position. Fields can be distinguished by what varies and how smoothly.
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) - CORRECT ANSWER - A problem in spatial
analysis that occurs when artificial units of reporting, such as administrative or political
boundaries, are superimposed on continuous phenomena, resulting in the creation of artificial
spatial patterns.
, raster - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. A spatial data model that defines space as an array of
equally sized cells arranged in rows and columns, and composed of single or multiple bands.
Each cell contains an attribute value and location coordinates. Unlike a vector structure, which
stores coordinates explicitly, raster coordinates are contained in the ordering of the matrix.
Groups of cells that share the same value represent the same type of geographic feature.
2. In ArcGIS, an in-memory representation of a raster dataset. A raster may exist in memory as a
subset of a raster dataset; it may have a different cell size than the raster dataset; or it may exist
using a different transformation than the raster dataset.
spatial analysis - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of the locations and shapes of
geographic features and the relationships between them. Spatial analysis is useful when
evaluating suitability, when making predictions, and for gaining a better understanding of how
geographic features and phenomena are located and distributed.
spatial autocorrelation - CORRECT ANSWER - A statistical measure that describes the
extent to which the value of an attribute at geographically referenced points changes as a
function of the distance and orientation between them.
spatial interpolation - CORRECT ANSWER - The estimation of surface values at
unsampled points based on known surface values of surrounding points. Spatial interpolation can
be used to estimate elevation, rainfall, temperature, chemical dispersion, or other spatially-based
phenomena. Spatial interpolation is commonly a raster operation, but it can also be done in a
vector environment using a TIN surface model. There are several well-known interpolation
techniques, including inverse distance weighted and kriging.
vector - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. A coordinate-based data model that represents
geographic features as points, lines, and polygons. Each point feature is represented as a single
coordinate pair, while line and polygon features are represented as ordered lists of vertices.
Attributes are associated with each vector feature, as opposed to a raster data model, which
associates attributes with grid cells.
2. Any quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
lattice - CORRECT ANSWER - A representation of a surface using an array of regularly
spaced sample points (mesh points) that are referenced to a common origin and have a constant
