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1. What are static software -Class diagrams
models? -Block diagrams (not part of UML)
-Domain models
2. What are dynamic software -Activity diagrams
models? -Use case diagrams
-Sequence diagrams
State diagrams
3. What are class diagrams? -Show the classes of a system and the associations between
those classes
-Each class may have some knowledge about associated classes
Granularities:
-Can be very specific or very abstract
4. What are the main symbols • Classes
shown on a class diagram? represent the types of data themselves
• Associations
represent linkages between instances of classes
• Attributes
are simple data found in classes and their instances
• Operations
represent the functions performed by the classes and their in-
stances
• Generalizations
group classes into inheritance hierarchies
5. How are classes represented? •A class is simply represented as a box with the name of the class
inside
• The diagram may also show the attributes and operations
• The complete signature of an operation is:
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operationName(parameterName: parameterType ...): return-
Type
6. How are associations repre- Association are represented as thin line connecting two classes.
sented? Association can be unidirectional (shown by arrow at one end) or
bidirectional (shown by arrow at both end). Multiplicity defines
how many instances can be associated at any given moment.
0..1 No instances or one instance A flight seat can have no or one
passenger only
1 Exactly one instance An order can have only one customer
0..* or * Zero or more instances A class can have zero or more
students
1. .*One or more instances (at least one)A flight can have one or
more passenger
• An association can be named, and the ends of an association
can be adorned with role names, ownership indicators, multi-
plicity, visibility, and other properties.
7. Directionality in associations •Associations are by default bi-directional
• It is possible to limit the direction of an association by adding
an arrow at one end
8. Analyzing and validating as- • One-to-one
sociations For each company, there is exactly one board of directors
A board is the board of only one company
• Many-to-one
A company has many employees,
An employee can only work for one company.
• Many-to-many
An assistant can work for many managers
A manager can have many assistants
Assistants can work in pools
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