Nur 342 Final exam topics Questions With Complete
Solutions
1. Comprehensive Health History vs. Complete Physical Exam
vs. Review of Systems Correct Answers - Comprehensive
Health History: A detailed account of the patient's medical
history, including personal, family, and social history, and a
complete list of current symptoms.
- Complete Physical Exam: A full physical examination that
includes inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.
- Review of Systems (ROS): A systematic review of each body
system, asking questions to ascertain information about each
system.
10. Normal HR, RR, & BP Correct Answers - Heart Rate (HR):
60-100 beats per minute.
- Respiratory Rate (RR): 12-20 breaths per minute.
- Blood Pressure (BP): Systolic < 120 mmHg, Diastolic < 80
mmHg (normal range).
- Elevated: systolic (120 - 139), diastolic (less than 80)
- Stage 1 Hypertension: systolic (130 - 139), diastolic (80 -89)
- Stage 2 Hypertension: systolic (> or = 140), diastolic (> or =
90)
11. What Type of Diet Promotes Healing? Correct Answers - A
balanced diet rich in proteins, vitamins (especially vitamins C
and A), zinc, and iron to support tissue repair, immune function,
and overall healing.
12. What Do Rapid Changes in Weight Indicate? Correct
Answers - Rapid weight loss can indicate dehydration,
,malnutrition, or a serious underlying illness. Rapid weight gain
can indicate fluid retention, heart failure, or renal issues.
13. What Does Assessing Skin Turgor Tell Us? Correct
Answers - Skin turgor tests hydration levels. Decreased turgor
(skin that does not return to its normal position quickly) can
indicate dehydration.
14. What clinical signs indicate dehydration? Correct Answers
- Signs of dehydration include dry mouth, decreased skin turgor,
sunken eyes, dark urine, low urine output, fatigue, dizziness,
confusion, low blood pressure, and tachycardia. In severe
dehydration, there may be dry mucous membranes and poor
capillary refill.
15. What risk is increased in people with central body fat?
Correct Answers - People with central body fat (apple-shaped
obesity) are at an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, type
2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and metabolic syndrome.
16. Central cyanosis vs Peripheral cyanosis (causes & locations)
Correct Answers - Central cyanosis is caused by inadequate
oxygenation of the blood (e.g., respiratory or cardiac problems),
and appears as a bluish tint around the lips, tongue, and mucous
membranes.
- Peripheral cyanosis occurs due to poor circulation and appears
as a bluish discoloration in the extremities, especially fingers,
toes, or hands.
17. Risk of skin breakdown indicated by what scale? High/low
number = greater risk? Correct Answers • The Braden Scale is
, used to assess the risk of skin breakdown. A lower score
indicates a higher risk of pressure ulcers, with 9 to 12 indicating
high risk.
18. What factors increase the risk of a pressure injury? Correct
Answers • Factors include immobility, incontinence,
malnutrition, dehydration, advanced age, poor circulation, and
sensory impairment.
19. Suspicious mole signs (for malignancy) Correct Answers •
Signs of malignancy in moles include asymmetry, irregular
borders, multiple colors, a diameter greater than 6mm, or any
changes in shape, size, or color over time (ABCDE rule).
2. Types of Assessments Correct Answers - Initial Assessment:
First assessment, typically when a patient is admitted to a
healthcare setting.
- Focused Assessment: A more specific assessment, usually
done when there is a particular concern or problem.
- Ongoing (or Follow-up) Assessment: Done to track progress or
changes in a patient's condition over time.
- Emergency Assessment: A quick, focused assessment
performed in emergency situations to identify life-threatening
conditions.
20. Skin Lesions (names & primary vs secondary) Correct
Answers • Primary lesions:
o Macule - non-palpable, < 1cm, e.g., freckle, petechiae.
o Papule - palpable, circumscribed, e.g., elevated nevus
o Nodule - palpable, circumscribed, deep, firm, 1 - 2 cm
o Vesicle - serous fluid-filled, < 1 cm
Solutions
1. Comprehensive Health History vs. Complete Physical Exam
vs. Review of Systems Correct Answers - Comprehensive
Health History: A detailed account of the patient's medical
history, including personal, family, and social history, and a
complete list of current symptoms.
- Complete Physical Exam: A full physical examination that
includes inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.
- Review of Systems (ROS): A systematic review of each body
system, asking questions to ascertain information about each
system.
10. Normal HR, RR, & BP Correct Answers - Heart Rate (HR):
60-100 beats per minute.
- Respiratory Rate (RR): 12-20 breaths per minute.
- Blood Pressure (BP): Systolic < 120 mmHg, Diastolic < 80
mmHg (normal range).
- Elevated: systolic (120 - 139), diastolic (less than 80)
- Stage 1 Hypertension: systolic (130 - 139), diastolic (80 -89)
- Stage 2 Hypertension: systolic (> or = 140), diastolic (> or =
90)
11. What Type of Diet Promotes Healing? Correct Answers - A
balanced diet rich in proteins, vitamins (especially vitamins C
and A), zinc, and iron to support tissue repair, immune function,
and overall healing.
12. What Do Rapid Changes in Weight Indicate? Correct
Answers - Rapid weight loss can indicate dehydration,
,malnutrition, or a serious underlying illness. Rapid weight gain
can indicate fluid retention, heart failure, or renal issues.
13. What Does Assessing Skin Turgor Tell Us? Correct
Answers - Skin turgor tests hydration levels. Decreased turgor
(skin that does not return to its normal position quickly) can
indicate dehydration.
14. What clinical signs indicate dehydration? Correct Answers
- Signs of dehydration include dry mouth, decreased skin turgor,
sunken eyes, dark urine, low urine output, fatigue, dizziness,
confusion, low blood pressure, and tachycardia. In severe
dehydration, there may be dry mucous membranes and poor
capillary refill.
15. What risk is increased in people with central body fat?
Correct Answers - People with central body fat (apple-shaped
obesity) are at an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, type
2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and metabolic syndrome.
16. Central cyanosis vs Peripheral cyanosis (causes & locations)
Correct Answers - Central cyanosis is caused by inadequate
oxygenation of the blood (e.g., respiratory or cardiac problems),
and appears as a bluish tint around the lips, tongue, and mucous
membranes.
- Peripheral cyanosis occurs due to poor circulation and appears
as a bluish discoloration in the extremities, especially fingers,
toes, or hands.
17. Risk of skin breakdown indicated by what scale? High/low
number = greater risk? Correct Answers • The Braden Scale is
, used to assess the risk of skin breakdown. A lower score
indicates a higher risk of pressure ulcers, with 9 to 12 indicating
high risk.
18. What factors increase the risk of a pressure injury? Correct
Answers • Factors include immobility, incontinence,
malnutrition, dehydration, advanced age, poor circulation, and
sensory impairment.
19. Suspicious mole signs (for malignancy) Correct Answers •
Signs of malignancy in moles include asymmetry, irregular
borders, multiple colors, a diameter greater than 6mm, or any
changes in shape, size, or color over time (ABCDE rule).
2. Types of Assessments Correct Answers - Initial Assessment:
First assessment, typically when a patient is admitted to a
healthcare setting.
- Focused Assessment: A more specific assessment, usually
done when there is a particular concern or problem.
- Ongoing (or Follow-up) Assessment: Done to track progress or
changes in a patient's condition over time.
- Emergency Assessment: A quick, focused assessment
performed in emergency situations to identify life-threatening
conditions.
20. Skin Lesions (names & primary vs secondary) Correct
Answers • Primary lesions:
o Macule - non-palpable, < 1cm, e.g., freckle, petechiae.
o Papule - palpable, circumscribed, e.g., elevated nevus
o Nodule - palpable, circumscribed, deep, firm, 1 - 2 cm
o Vesicle - serous fluid-filled, < 1 cm
