EMT Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_45w5jt
1. The 3 R's Retreat, Radio, Reevaluate
2. What position do you Recover position: On the side to aid drainage and prevent breathing
place an unresponsive blockage from vomitus.
patient in?
3. Positions for patients If no suspected spine injuries transport the patient in a position of
with no suspected spine comfort.
injury Breathing is easier in a semi-sitting position or fowler or semi fowler.
4. Position for shock Placed in supine position allowing for maximu blood flow throughout
body with minimal resistance from gravity.
5. Types of consent Expressed: Consent given by adults and mentally competent
Implied: Consent presumed by patient or patients parent/gaurdian
would give if they could, such as for an unconscious patient or a parent
who cannot be contacted.
In loco parentis: In place of a parent, a person who may give consent
for a care of a child when the parents are not present or able to give
consent
6. Assault / Battery Assault: Placing a person in fear of bodily harm
Battery: Causing bodily harm to or restraining a person
7. Res Ipsa Loquitr "The thing speaks for itself"
8. HIPAA The health insurance portability and accountability act, which includes
the privacy rule protecting the privacy of patient specific health care
information and providing the patient with control over how this infor-
mation is used and distributed.
9. Anatomic Position and -A person standing, facing forward, with palms forward
terms -proximal: closer to the torso
, EMT Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_45w5jt
-distal: farther away from the torso
-Medial: towards the midline
-lateral: to the side away from the midline
-bilateral: both sides
-Anterior: the front of the body or body part
-Posterior: the back of the body or part
-Superior: toward the head
-Inferior: away from the head
10. Musculoskeletal system Bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body
-Muscle: tissues that can contract to allow movement of a body part
-Ligament: Tissues that connects bone to bone
-Tendon: tissue that connect muscle to bone.
11. The divisions of the Cervical 1-7
spine Thoracic 1-12
Lumbar 1-5
Sacrum 5
Coccyx 4
33 total
12. Anatomy of the Heart Has 4 chambers: two upper chambers called atria and two lower called
ventricles
-Right atrium: The venae cavae or superior and inferior vena cava are
two large veins that return blood to the heart. Recevies blood and sends
it to the right ventricle
- Right ventricle: Receives blood from right atrium and pumps blood to
the lungss via pulmonary arteries. Low oxygen and has waste carbon
dioxide. While in lungs carbon dioxide is excreted and oxygen is ob-
tained. Oxygen rich blood is returned to the left atrium via pumonary
veins.
-Left Atrium: recevies oxygen rich blood and sends to the let ventricle.
, EMT Final Exam
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-Left ventricle: receives oxygen rich blood and pumps blood into the
aorta (largest artery) for distribution to the entire body.
-Arteries Away
13. Types of arteries Carotid artery: in the neck
Femoral: in the thigh between the abdomen and the groin
Brachial: Medial of the Upper arm
Radial: Found on the thumb side of the wrist
Posterior tibial: Palpated on the posterior aspect of the medial maleolus
Dorsalis pedis: On top of the foot lateral to the large tendon of the big
toe
14. Hypoperfusion (Shock) Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to
supply them with oxygen and nutrients.
-Life threatening
-Also called Shock
15. Tidal Volume Tidal: Volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing
Minute Volume Minute: Amount of air breathed in during respiration multiplied by the
number of breaths per minute
16. Chemoreceptors Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing
levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
17. Stroke Volume Stroke: the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction
Cardiac Output Cardiac Output: The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one
minute (Heart rate x stroke volume)
18. Different Types of Hypovolemic: Low blood volume
Shock -From cardiovascular system blood loss or dehydration
Distributive: Blood vessel tone is lost
-Anaphylaxis or sepsis and cause lower pressure, Hypoperfusion is the
, EMT Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_45w5jt
result
Cardiogenic: Heart fails in its ability to pump blood. MI or trauma can
lead to a dysrhtthmia or a mechanical problem such as damage to the
heart.
Hypoperfusion occurs
Obstructive: Tension pneumothorax or pulmonary embolism
Hypoperfusion occurs
19. Signs of shock -Slight mental status changes including anxiety and feeling of impend-
ing doom
-Increased heart rate
-Increased respiratory rate
-Delayed caplarry refill time
-PALE skin that is COOL and MOIST to touch (Diaphoresis)
-Sweating
However, cardiogenic shock may not allow the heart rate to increase and
septic shock may not allow blood vessels to constrict.
20. Compensating for Decompensated shoc (Hypotensive shock): Compensatory mechanisms
Shock were not successful
-Decreased BP
-Altered MS
-If not rapidly reversed it will lead to irreversible shock and organs begin
to die
21. LIFESPAN Infancy (Birth to 1 year)
-Nose breather
-Diaphram breather
-HR 140-160
-RR 40-60 drops to 30-40 after birth
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_45w5jt
1. The 3 R's Retreat, Radio, Reevaluate
2. What position do you Recover position: On the side to aid drainage and prevent breathing
place an unresponsive blockage from vomitus.
patient in?
3. Positions for patients If no suspected spine injuries transport the patient in a position of
with no suspected spine comfort.
injury Breathing is easier in a semi-sitting position or fowler or semi fowler.
4. Position for shock Placed in supine position allowing for maximu blood flow throughout
body with minimal resistance from gravity.
5. Types of consent Expressed: Consent given by adults and mentally competent
Implied: Consent presumed by patient or patients parent/gaurdian
would give if they could, such as for an unconscious patient or a parent
who cannot be contacted.
In loco parentis: In place of a parent, a person who may give consent
for a care of a child when the parents are not present or able to give
consent
6. Assault / Battery Assault: Placing a person in fear of bodily harm
Battery: Causing bodily harm to or restraining a person
7. Res Ipsa Loquitr "The thing speaks for itself"
8. HIPAA The health insurance portability and accountability act, which includes
the privacy rule protecting the privacy of patient specific health care
information and providing the patient with control over how this infor-
mation is used and distributed.
9. Anatomic Position and -A person standing, facing forward, with palms forward
terms -proximal: closer to the torso
, EMT Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_45w5jt
-distal: farther away from the torso
-Medial: towards the midline
-lateral: to the side away from the midline
-bilateral: both sides
-Anterior: the front of the body or body part
-Posterior: the back of the body or part
-Superior: toward the head
-Inferior: away from the head
10. Musculoskeletal system Bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body
-Muscle: tissues that can contract to allow movement of a body part
-Ligament: Tissues that connects bone to bone
-Tendon: tissue that connect muscle to bone.
11. The divisions of the Cervical 1-7
spine Thoracic 1-12
Lumbar 1-5
Sacrum 5
Coccyx 4
33 total
12. Anatomy of the Heart Has 4 chambers: two upper chambers called atria and two lower called
ventricles
-Right atrium: The venae cavae or superior and inferior vena cava are
two large veins that return blood to the heart. Recevies blood and sends
it to the right ventricle
- Right ventricle: Receives blood from right atrium and pumps blood to
the lungss via pulmonary arteries. Low oxygen and has waste carbon
dioxide. While in lungs carbon dioxide is excreted and oxygen is ob-
tained. Oxygen rich blood is returned to the left atrium via pumonary
veins.
-Left Atrium: recevies oxygen rich blood and sends to the let ventricle.
, EMT Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_45w5jt
-Left ventricle: receives oxygen rich blood and pumps blood into the
aorta (largest artery) for distribution to the entire body.
-Arteries Away
13. Types of arteries Carotid artery: in the neck
Femoral: in the thigh between the abdomen and the groin
Brachial: Medial of the Upper arm
Radial: Found on the thumb side of the wrist
Posterior tibial: Palpated on the posterior aspect of the medial maleolus
Dorsalis pedis: On top of the foot lateral to the large tendon of the big
toe
14. Hypoperfusion (Shock) Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to
supply them with oxygen and nutrients.
-Life threatening
-Also called Shock
15. Tidal Volume Tidal: Volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing
Minute Volume Minute: Amount of air breathed in during respiration multiplied by the
number of breaths per minute
16. Chemoreceptors Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing
levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
17. Stroke Volume Stroke: the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction
Cardiac Output Cardiac Output: The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one
minute (Heart rate x stroke volume)
18. Different Types of Hypovolemic: Low blood volume
Shock -From cardiovascular system blood loss or dehydration
Distributive: Blood vessel tone is lost
-Anaphylaxis or sepsis and cause lower pressure, Hypoperfusion is the
, EMT Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_45w5jt
result
Cardiogenic: Heart fails in its ability to pump blood. MI or trauma can
lead to a dysrhtthmia or a mechanical problem such as damage to the
heart.
Hypoperfusion occurs
Obstructive: Tension pneumothorax or pulmonary embolism
Hypoperfusion occurs
19. Signs of shock -Slight mental status changes including anxiety and feeling of impend-
ing doom
-Increased heart rate
-Increased respiratory rate
-Delayed caplarry refill time
-PALE skin that is COOL and MOIST to touch (Diaphoresis)
-Sweating
However, cardiogenic shock may not allow the heart rate to increase and
septic shock may not allow blood vessels to constrict.
20. Compensating for Decompensated shoc (Hypotensive shock): Compensatory mechanisms
Shock were not successful
-Decreased BP
-Altered MS
-If not rapidly reversed it will lead to irreversible shock and organs begin
to die
21. LIFESPAN Infancy (Birth to 1 year)
-Nose breather
-Diaphram breather
-HR 140-160
-RR 40-60 drops to 30-40 after birth
