HONDROS BIO 117 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT!!

Tough outer covering of the bone - ANSWER periosteum Enlarged end of a long bone - ANSWER epiphysis Cancellous bone - ANSWER spongy bone Osteon - ANSWER haversian system Bone-eroding cell that helps in bone marrow remodeling - ANSWER osteoclast Hollow center of a long bone - ANSWER medullary cavity The epiphyseal disc is - ANSWER composed of cartilage and is involved in the growth of long bones Osteoclastic activity - ANSWER stimulates bone breakdown Depression of the red bone marrow - ANSWER causes a life-threatening decline in red blood cells Osteoporosis affects the older population, with women being more affected. Other bone diseases cause a decrease in bone density. Which hormone could possibly be contributing to this, what cell is turning on and which cell is turning off? - ANSWER Parathyroid Hormone, turning on osteoclasts, turning off osteoblasts What are all the bones of the Pelvic and Pectoral Girdles? - ANSWER Pelvic Girdle: Sacrum, Coccyx, Pelvic bone (ilium, ischium, pubis) Pectoral Girdle: Scapula and Clavicle If someone is suffering from tendonitis, what is inflamed? What does this structure connect? - ANSWER The muscle tendon is inflamed, it connects muscle to bone. What do ligaments connect? - ANSWER bone to bone What do aponeuroses connect? - ANSWER muscle to muscle What is the function of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum? - ANSWER To store and release calcium for muscle contraction Muscles are constantly using a lot of energy, what special organelle would we expect to see here? What is the function of that organelle? - ANSWER Mitochondria, they produce ATP. When oxygen is around what kind of process do our cells use? - ANSWER Aerobic When oxygen is not around what kind of process do our cells use? - ANSWER Anerobic Is aerobic or anaerobic more favorable? - ANSWER Aerobic