AP BIOLOGY TEST #2
MACROMOLECULES AND ENZYMES
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
allosteric regulation - ANSWER-protein's function at one site is affected by binding of
regulatory molecule to separate site (noncompetitive).
allosteric site - ANSWER-specific receptor site on some part of
enzyme molecule remote from active site to which
molecules that naturally regulate enzyme activity bind, Act as valves that control
rates of key reactions in metabolic pathways ,On/Off switch.
cooperativity - ANSWER-one substrate molecule primes an enzyme to accept
additional substrate molecules, favorable conformational change in one subunit of an
enzyme changes all the others too.
feedback inhibition - ANSWER-A metabolic pathway is switched off by its end
product, which acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within the pathway.
isomers - ANSWER-compounds that have same molecular formula but different
structures and therefore different properties.
functional groups - ANSWER-contributes to molecular diversity of life, an atom/group
of atoms joined in a specific manner, which gives the chemical properties of the
organic compound and are centers for chemical reactivity.
R group - ANSWER-abbreviation for any group in which a C or H atom is attached to
the rest of the molecule.
hydroxyl group - ANSWER-R-OH bonded to carbon skeleton, polar (attracts water
molecules), compounds are alcohols.
carbonyl group - ANSWER-C=O, ketone (double bond is in middle of molecule),
aldehyde (double bond is at end of molecule).
carboxyl group - ANSWER-R-C\OH=O, compounds are carboxylic acids, acidic.
amino group - ANSWER-R-NH2, compounds are amines, basic
sulfhydryl group - ANSWER--SH, compounds are thiols, helps stabilize structure of
some proteins.
phosphate group - ANSWER--PO4, compounds are organic phosphates, plays an
important role in transfer of energy.
methyl group - ANSWER-only C and H, commonly attached to larger organic
compounds, non-polar, makes groups hydrophobic.
MACROMOLECULES AND ENZYMES
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
allosteric regulation - ANSWER-protein's function at one site is affected by binding of
regulatory molecule to separate site (noncompetitive).
allosteric site - ANSWER-specific receptor site on some part of
enzyme molecule remote from active site to which
molecules that naturally regulate enzyme activity bind, Act as valves that control
rates of key reactions in metabolic pathways ,On/Off switch.
cooperativity - ANSWER-one substrate molecule primes an enzyme to accept
additional substrate molecules, favorable conformational change in one subunit of an
enzyme changes all the others too.
feedback inhibition - ANSWER-A metabolic pathway is switched off by its end
product, which acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within the pathway.
isomers - ANSWER-compounds that have same molecular formula but different
structures and therefore different properties.
functional groups - ANSWER-contributes to molecular diversity of life, an atom/group
of atoms joined in a specific manner, which gives the chemical properties of the
organic compound and are centers for chemical reactivity.
R group - ANSWER-abbreviation for any group in which a C or H atom is attached to
the rest of the molecule.
hydroxyl group - ANSWER-R-OH bonded to carbon skeleton, polar (attracts water
molecules), compounds are alcohols.
carbonyl group - ANSWER-C=O, ketone (double bond is in middle of molecule),
aldehyde (double bond is at end of molecule).
carboxyl group - ANSWER-R-C\OH=O, compounds are carboxylic acids, acidic.
amino group - ANSWER-R-NH2, compounds are amines, basic
sulfhydryl group - ANSWER--SH, compounds are thiols, helps stabilize structure of
some proteins.
phosphate group - ANSWER--PO4, compounds are organic phosphates, plays an
important role in transfer of energy.
methyl group - ANSWER-only C and H, commonly attached to larger organic
compounds, non-polar, makes groups hydrophobic.
