UCLA ANTHRO 1 EXAM 2 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Georges Couvier - ✔✔(1769-1832) French naturalist and zoologist who compared
fossils with living species. Established extinction and proposed idea of catastrophic
extinction
✔✔catastrophic extinction - ✔✔Abrupt and global changes cause synchronous
extinctions at a geological boundary, with few if any survivors
✔✔Thomas Malthus - ✔✔(1766-1834) Geometric increase in populations and arithmetic
increase in food supply
✔✔carrying capacity - ✔✔the largest number of individuals that a given environment
can support
✔✔Jean-Baptiste Lamarck - ✔✔(1749-1829) orthogenesis, evolution abides by natural
law, complexity increases over time, logical thinker about evolutionary mechanism - no
one guides change
✔✔Lamarck first law - ✔✔use and disuse - unused features tend to fade over time
✔✔Lamarck second law - ✔✔inheritance of acquired characteristics - wrong
✔✔speciation - ✔✔differentiation between living species
✔✔Charles Darwin - ✔✔(1809-1882) voyage of the beagle, origin of species, descent of
man and selection in relation to sex, sexual selection
✔✔Alfred r wallace - ✔✔(1823-1913) naturalist, animals changed dramatically in one
location (a trench in Southeast Asia), simultaneously derived a theory of natural
selection
✔✔Struggle for existance - ✔✔Darwin postulate 1
✔✔variation related to survival and reproduction - ✔✔Darwin postulate 2
✔✔variation is passed from generation to generation - ✔✔Darwin postulate 3
✔✔Gregor Mendel - ✔✔(1822-1884) Austrian scientist and monk who is considered the
founder of the science of genetics. His quantitative analysis of the inheritance of certain
traits in pea plants allowed him to deduce two fundamental principles known as the laws
of Mendelian
, ✔✔Variants - ✔✔traits with only two forms
✔✔crosses - ✔✔matings
✔✔f0 generation - ✔✔original founding population
✔✔f1 generation - ✔✔offspring of original founders
✔✔gamete - ✔✔egg or sperm
✔✔independent assortment - ✔✔Independent segregation of genes during the
formation of gametes
✔✔chromosome - ✔✔small linear body contained in every cell and replicated during cell
division
✔✔mitosis - ✔✔ordinary cell division that creates 2 copies of chromosomes present in
nucleus
✔✔nucleus - ✔✔body in center of cell
✔✔diploid organisms - ✔✔have two copies of each chromosome
✔✔meiosis - ✔✔cell division that produces gametes
✔✔haploid - ✔✔cells that contain only one copy of each chromosome
✔✔zygote - ✔✔single cell formed through fertilization that divides mitotically
✔✔allele - ✔✔variety of a single gene
✔✔homozygous - ✔✔2 copies of the same allele
✔✔heterozygous - ✔✔copies of 2 different alleles
✔✔genotype - ✔✔particular combination of genes or alleles that an individual carries
✔✔phenotype - ✔✔observable characteristics
✔✔dominant - ✔✔individuals with one allele of this type have same phenotype as those
with two
✔✔recessive - ✔✔no effect on phenotype in heterzygotes
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Georges Couvier - ✔✔(1769-1832) French naturalist and zoologist who compared
fossils with living species. Established extinction and proposed idea of catastrophic
extinction
✔✔catastrophic extinction - ✔✔Abrupt and global changes cause synchronous
extinctions at a geological boundary, with few if any survivors
✔✔Thomas Malthus - ✔✔(1766-1834) Geometric increase in populations and arithmetic
increase in food supply
✔✔carrying capacity - ✔✔the largest number of individuals that a given environment
can support
✔✔Jean-Baptiste Lamarck - ✔✔(1749-1829) orthogenesis, evolution abides by natural
law, complexity increases over time, logical thinker about evolutionary mechanism - no
one guides change
✔✔Lamarck first law - ✔✔use and disuse - unused features tend to fade over time
✔✔Lamarck second law - ✔✔inheritance of acquired characteristics - wrong
✔✔speciation - ✔✔differentiation between living species
✔✔Charles Darwin - ✔✔(1809-1882) voyage of the beagle, origin of species, descent of
man and selection in relation to sex, sexual selection
✔✔Alfred r wallace - ✔✔(1823-1913) naturalist, animals changed dramatically in one
location (a trench in Southeast Asia), simultaneously derived a theory of natural
selection
✔✔Struggle for existance - ✔✔Darwin postulate 1
✔✔variation related to survival and reproduction - ✔✔Darwin postulate 2
✔✔variation is passed from generation to generation - ✔✔Darwin postulate 3
✔✔Gregor Mendel - ✔✔(1822-1884) Austrian scientist and monk who is considered the
founder of the science of genetics. His quantitative analysis of the inheritance of certain
traits in pea plants allowed him to deduce two fundamental principles known as the laws
of Mendelian
, ✔✔Variants - ✔✔traits with only two forms
✔✔crosses - ✔✔matings
✔✔f0 generation - ✔✔original founding population
✔✔f1 generation - ✔✔offspring of original founders
✔✔gamete - ✔✔egg or sperm
✔✔independent assortment - ✔✔Independent segregation of genes during the
formation of gametes
✔✔chromosome - ✔✔small linear body contained in every cell and replicated during cell
division
✔✔mitosis - ✔✔ordinary cell division that creates 2 copies of chromosomes present in
nucleus
✔✔nucleus - ✔✔body in center of cell
✔✔diploid organisms - ✔✔have two copies of each chromosome
✔✔meiosis - ✔✔cell division that produces gametes
✔✔haploid - ✔✔cells that contain only one copy of each chromosome
✔✔zygote - ✔✔single cell formed through fertilization that divides mitotically
✔✔allele - ✔✔variety of a single gene
✔✔homozygous - ✔✔2 copies of the same allele
✔✔heterozygous - ✔✔copies of 2 different alleles
✔✔genotype - ✔✔particular combination of genes or alleles that an individual carries
✔✔phenotype - ✔✔observable characteristics
✔✔dominant - ✔✔individuals with one allele of this type have same phenotype as those
with two
✔✔recessive - ✔✔no effect on phenotype in heterzygotes
