NL (National Lifeguard): First Aid Practices
Questions and Answers
STROKE/TIA
-A stroke occurs when the brain does not receive enough blood and oxygen due to internal
bleeding or a blockage in a blood artery. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is often a warning sign
that a victim is at risk for stroke, usually lasting for less than 20 minutes. ✔️✔️TREATMENT
-Phone EMS
-Assess for signs of a stroke (FAST)
-Maintain an open airway and assess breathing
-Assist the victim into a comfortable position (often sitting) or recovery position if there are
airway management problems
SCENARIO
-Stroke in lobby
MAJOR BLEEDING
-Severe bleeding is a life-threatening emergency. ✔️✔️TREATMENT
-Phone EMS
-Rest the affected body part and reassure the victim
-If you are wearing gloves, apply direct pressure to the wound immediately using your hand
-If you do not have gloves, ask victim to apply pressure to the wound
-Apply a sterile greasing and bandage as soon as possible
When direct pressure fails to control the bleeding, use a tourniquet
SCENARIO
-Cut leg in change room
, WOUNDS
-Abrasion (Scraped skin)
-Incision (A clean-edged cut made by a sharp edge
-Avulsion (A wound with a flap of skin
-Laceration (A deep, tearing cut with jagged edges. Bites are considered lacerations
-Puncture (A stab wound caused by a sharp, pointed object ✔️✔️TREATMENT
-Flush wound with clean tap water and cover with a sterile dressing
-Apply antibiotic ointment if available
SCENARIO
-Create your own
CONCUSSION
-A concussion is a brain injury caused by a direct blow to the head, face , or neck, or by a blow
elsewhere on the body which is transmitted to the brain. ✔️✔️TREATMENT
-Phone EMS if obvious trauma is present
-Immobilize spine and neck if a spinal injury is suspected
-Have victim stop activity and seek medical help
SCENARIO
-Slip on floor and hit head
SPINAL INJURY
-Common causes of spinal injuries include severe head injuries, falls, crashes, diving into
shallow water, and other water activity (e.g. being thrown in) ✔️✔️TREATMENT
-Phone EMS
-Immobilize in position found. DO NOT move the victim unless there is no other choice (safety
risk, open the airway, perform CPR)
Questions and Answers
STROKE/TIA
-A stroke occurs when the brain does not receive enough blood and oxygen due to internal
bleeding or a blockage in a blood artery. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is often a warning sign
that a victim is at risk for stroke, usually lasting for less than 20 minutes. ✔️✔️TREATMENT
-Phone EMS
-Assess for signs of a stroke (FAST)
-Maintain an open airway and assess breathing
-Assist the victim into a comfortable position (often sitting) or recovery position if there are
airway management problems
SCENARIO
-Stroke in lobby
MAJOR BLEEDING
-Severe bleeding is a life-threatening emergency. ✔️✔️TREATMENT
-Phone EMS
-Rest the affected body part and reassure the victim
-If you are wearing gloves, apply direct pressure to the wound immediately using your hand
-If you do not have gloves, ask victim to apply pressure to the wound
-Apply a sterile greasing and bandage as soon as possible
When direct pressure fails to control the bleeding, use a tourniquet
SCENARIO
-Cut leg in change room
, WOUNDS
-Abrasion (Scraped skin)
-Incision (A clean-edged cut made by a sharp edge
-Avulsion (A wound with a flap of skin
-Laceration (A deep, tearing cut with jagged edges. Bites are considered lacerations
-Puncture (A stab wound caused by a sharp, pointed object ✔️✔️TREATMENT
-Flush wound with clean tap water and cover with a sterile dressing
-Apply antibiotic ointment if available
SCENARIO
-Create your own
CONCUSSION
-A concussion is a brain injury caused by a direct blow to the head, face , or neck, or by a blow
elsewhere on the body which is transmitted to the brain. ✔️✔️TREATMENT
-Phone EMS if obvious trauma is present
-Immobilize spine and neck if a spinal injury is suspected
-Have victim stop activity and seek medical help
SCENARIO
-Slip on floor and hit head
SPINAL INJURY
-Common causes of spinal injuries include severe head injuries, falls, crashes, diving into
shallow water, and other water activity (e.g. being thrown in) ✔️✔️TREATMENT
-Phone EMS
-Immobilize in position found. DO NOT move the victim unless there is no other choice (safety
risk, open the airway, perform CPR)
