CNPR, NAPSR Exam
Margin of safety - Answer-the difference between the usual effective dose and the dose that induces
severe or life threatening side effects
Rights of drug administration - Answer-right patient, right medication, right does, right route of
administration, and right time of delivery
Injection routes - Answer-intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous, subcutaneous
intramuscular - Answer-drugs given by direct injection into muscle tissue
intrathecal - Answer-needle is inserted between to vertebrea in the lower spine an into space around
the spinal cord
intravenous - Answer-injected directly into the veins
subcutaneous - Answer-needle inserted into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin
Bioavailablility - Answer-how quickly and how much of a drug reaches its intended target site of action
,Bioequivalent - Answer-when drugs contain not only the same active ingredients but also produce
virtually the same blood levels over time
Therapeutic equivalence - Answer-production of the same medicinal effects
Areas of drug elimination and excretion - Answer-Lungs, breast milk, sweat tears urine feces, bile, saliva,
and exhaled air
medication error - Answer-failure to administer drug in the correct form
Powders - Answer-a drug that is dried and ground into fine particles
pills - Answer-a single dose unit of medicine made by mixing the powdered drug with liquid such as
syrup and rolling it into a round or oval shape
granules - Answer-a small pill usually accompanied usually accompanied by many others encased within
a gelatin capsule; quite often releasing medication over time
tablet - Answer-pharmaceutical preparation made by compressing the powdered for of a drug and bulk
filling material under high pressure; commonly used for anti acids and antiflatulents
Capsules - Answer-medication dosage form in which the drug is contained in an external shell; can be
pulled apart for access to contents
sustained release - Answer-several doses of a drug in special coatings that dissolve at different rates
Enteric Coating - Answer-dosage in special coating that doesn't digest in the stomach; only starts to
digest in the intestines
,caplets - Answer-shaped like a capsule but has the form of a tablet the shape and file make swallowing
easier
gel caps - Answer-an oil based medication that is enclosed in soft gelatin capsule
Emulsion - Answer-two agents that cannot ordinarily be combined or mixed
otic drugs - Answer-control localized infections or inflammation and require very low dosages to be
effective
Types of drug despensing - Answer-OTC and prescription
Type A (Augmented) drug reaction - Answer-exaggeration of the drug's therapeutic effects
Type B (idiosyncratic) - Answer-results from mechanisms that are not currently understood; largely
unpredictable
Type C (continuing or chronic) - Answer-These persist for a long time
Type D delayed - Answer-these take some time to develop
Type E end of use - Answer-These occur during drug withdrawal
Risk Factors - Answer-Use of several drugs, age, Pregnancy and breast feeding
Excipients - Answer-inactive ingredients
, Parenteral - Answer-intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous
Rectal - Answer-suppository
Oral - Answer-tablet, capsule, liquid
Transdermal - Answer-through the skin via creams or patches
Binders - Answer-cement the active and inert components of tablets
Fillers - Answer-used to make the drug sufficiently large for easy manufacture and consumption
Glidants(flow enhancers) - Answer-added to powdered materials used in pill production to aid
movement through tabletting machinery
suspending/dispersing agents - Answer-maintain consistent concentration of the active ingredients
throughout the drug product
disintegrants - Answer-help break up the tablets int the GI tract
Lubricants - Answer-ease the release of the tablets from the dies that stamp them during the
manufacturing process
AUC - Answer-represents the extent of the drug absorption or the quantity of the drug that appears in
the bloodstream following oral administration
Margin of safety - Answer-the difference between the usual effective dose and the dose that induces
severe or life threatening side effects
Rights of drug administration - Answer-right patient, right medication, right does, right route of
administration, and right time of delivery
Injection routes - Answer-intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous, subcutaneous
intramuscular - Answer-drugs given by direct injection into muscle tissue
intrathecal - Answer-needle is inserted between to vertebrea in the lower spine an into space around
the spinal cord
intravenous - Answer-injected directly into the veins
subcutaneous - Answer-needle inserted into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin
Bioavailablility - Answer-how quickly and how much of a drug reaches its intended target site of action
,Bioequivalent - Answer-when drugs contain not only the same active ingredients but also produce
virtually the same blood levels over time
Therapeutic equivalence - Answer-production of the same medicinal effects
Areas of drug elimination and excretion - Answer-Lungs, breast milk, sweat tears urine feces, bile, saliva,
and exhaled air
medication error - Answer-failure to administer drug in the correct form
Powders - Answer-a drug that is dried and ground into fine particles
pills - Answer-a single dose unit of medicine made by mixing the powdered drug with liquid such as
syrup and rolling it into a round or oval shape
granules - Answer-a small pill usually accompanied usually accompanied by many others encased within
a gelatin capsule; quite often releasing medication over time
tablet - Answer-pharmaceutical preparation made by compressing the powdered for of a drug and bulk
filling material under high pressure; commonly used for anti acids and antiflatulents
Capsules - Answer-medication dosage form in which the drug is contained in an external shell; can be
pulled apart for access to contents
sustained release - Answer-several doses of a drug in special coatings that dissolve at different rates
Enteric Coating - Answer-dosage in special coating that doesn't digest in the stomach; only starts to
digest in the intestines
,caplets - Answer-shaped like a capsule but has the form of a tablet the shape and file make swallowing
easier
gel caps - Answer-an oil based medication that is enclosed in soft gelatin capsule
Emulsion - Answer-two agents that cannot ordinarily be combined or mixed
otic drugs - Answer-control localized infections or inflammation and require very low dosages to be
effective
Types of drug despensing - Answer-OTC and prescription
Type A (Augmented) drug reaction - Answer-exaggeration of the drug's therapeutic effects
Type B (idiosyncratic) - Answer-results from mechanisms that are not currently understood; largely
unpredictable
Type C (continuing or chronic) - Answer-These persist for a long time
Type D delayed - Answer-these take some time to develop
Type E end of use - Answer-These occur during drug withdrawal
Risk Factors - Answer-Use of several drugs, age, Pregnancy and breast feeding
Excipients - Answer-inactive ingredients
, Parenteral - Answer-intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous
Rectal - Answer-suppository
Oral - Answer-tablet, capsule, liquid
Transdermal - Answer-through the skin via creams or patches
Binders - Answer-cement the active and inert components of tablets
Fillers - Answer-used to make the drug sufficiently large for easy manufacture and consumption
Glidants(flow enhancers) - Answer-added to powdered materials used in pill production to aid
movement through tabletting machinery
suspending/dispersing agents - Answer-maintain consistent concentration of the active ingredients
throughout the drug product
disintegrants - Answer-help break up the tablets int the GI tract
Lubricants - Answer-ease the release of the tablets from the dies that stamp them during the
manufacturing process
AUC - Answer-represents the extent of the drug absorption or the quantity of the drug that appears in
the bloodstream following oral administration
