NURS 2003 Final || with 100% Error-free Answers.
Stress definition correct answers Individualized reaction/response to a stimulus when real or
perceived demands exceed their available coping resources
Eustress correct answers Stress associated with positive events that motivate people to overcome
challenges
Distress correct answers A negative response to stress that occurs when the demands made
exceed normal coping ability
Stress as a stimulus correct answers measuring stress in terms of life changes (or life events)
stress as a transaction correct answers interaction between potentially stressful life events and
how people interpret and cope with them
Stress as a response correct answers 1: alarm reaction
2: stage of resistance
3:stage of exhaustion
GAS: Alarm Reaction correct answers stressor perceived (fight or flight); increased HR, BP, RR;
decreased nonessential functions, dilated pupils
GAS resistance stage correct answers adaptation resources are mobilized to combat stressor, and
body maintains a higher level of resistance; get accustomed to stress but it can have physical
effects of your body
GAS exhaustion stage correct answers Results when adaptive mechanisms are exhausted
Body either rests and mobilizes its defenses to return to normal or dies
Hardiness correct answers Way a person deals with stress
Spence of Coherence correct answers How a person sees the world and one's life in it
Resilience correct answers Being resourceful, flexible, and using problem-solving strategies
Attitude correct answers Positive vs negative
Physiological response to stress correct answers The three systems are nervous, endocrine, and
immune. Activation affects cardiovascular, respiratory, gastro, renal, and reproductive
Stress negative feedback loop correct answers Cortisol -> CRH -> ACTH -> then produces
epinephrine and norepinephrine
primary appraisal correct answers Involves determining whether the stress poses a threat
,Secondary appraisal correct answers Involves the individuals' evaluation of coping strategies or
resources to manage any perceived threat
Inflammation correct answers a localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues
The inflammatory response correct answers 1: neutralizes and dilutes the inflammatory agent
2: removes necrotic material
3: establishes an environment that is suitable for healing repair to take place
local manifestations of inflammation correct answers heat, redness, swelling, pain
Fever pathophysiology correct answers Onset is triggered by release of cytokines
Cytokines cause fever by initiating metabolic changes in temperature-regulating center in
hypothalamus
Production of PGE2 rase the thermostatic set point
Heat conservation or heat generation
Stages of a febrile response correct answers 1: Prodrome: non-specific complaints
2: chills (increases metabolic rate)
3:flush (person feels warm throughout their body)
4: defervescence (sweating causes body temp to lower)
Acute fever correct answers 2-3 weeks
Subacute fever correct answers A few weeks to months
Chronic fever correct answers Months to years t
The healing process correct answers 1: regeneration (lost cells and tissues are replaced with the
same type of cells)
2: repair (lost cells replaced with connective tissue)
Healing through primary intention correct answers Incision with blood clot, edges approximated
with suture, fine scar
Healing through secondary intention correct answers significant tissue damage, necrosis,
irregular wound edges. Inability to approximate wound edges/ margins. Granulation tissue fills
wound bed to the level of the skin with wound closure occurring through scar tissue formation,
large scar
Healing through tertiary prevention correct answers Wound is left open because there is a risk of
contamination. Contaminated wound, granulation tissue, delayed closure with suture
, Wound Classification correct answers cause (surgical vs. nonsurgical, acute vs. chronic), depth
(superficial, partial/full thickness), colour (red, yellow, black), underlying pathophysiology
(vascular, pressure, diabetes), level of contamination
Pressure wound staging assessment correct answers Measure
Exudate
Appearance
Suffering
Reevaluate
Edge
Osteoarthritis pathophysiology correct answers degenerative condition resulting in destruction of
articular cartilage and hypertrophy of marginal bone. Cartilage becomes dull, yellow, granular,
soft, less elastic
Diagnostic studies of OA correct answers Bone scan, ct, mri, radiological studies, synovial fluid
analysis
Dysplasia correct answers abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
Anaplasia correct answers Cell differentiation to a more immature or embryonic form
Adhesions correct answers Bands of scar tissue that form between or around organs
Dehiscence correct answers separation and disruption of previously joined wound edges
Evisceration correct answers Occurs when wound edges separate to the extent that intestines
protrude through wound
Fistula correct answers an abnormal passage, usually between two internal organs or leading
from an organ to the surface of the body
Hypertrophic scar correct answers an inappropriately large, red raised and hard scar; not
permanent
Keloid correct answers A protrusion of scar tissue that extends beyond the wound edges and may
form tumour-like masses of scar tissue
Homeostasis correct answers State of equilibrium in internal environment of the body
Normal PH correct answers 7.35-7.45
Body fluid compartments correct answers Intracellular (ICF): 2/3 of body water
Extracellular (ECF): 1/3 of body water
Electrolytes correct answers ECF: main cation is sodium and primary anion is chloride
Stress definition correct answers Individualized reaction/response to a stimulus when real or
perceived demands exceed their available coping resources
Eustress correct answers Stress associated with positive events that motivate people to overcome
challenges
Distress correct answers A negative response to stress that occurs when the demands made
exceed normal coping ability
Stress as a stimulus correct answers measuring stress in terms of life changes (or life events)
stress as a transaction correct answers interaction between potentially stressful life events and
how people interpret and cope with them
Stress as a response correct answers 1: alarm reaction
2: stage of resistance
3:stage of exhaustion
GAS: Alarm Reaction correct answers stressor perceived (fight or flight); increased HR, BP, RR;
decreased nonessential functions, dilated pupils
GAS resistance stage correct answers adaptation resources are mobilized to combat stressor, and
body maintains a higher level of resistance; get accustomed to stress but it can have physical
effects of your body
GAS exhaustion stage correct answers Results when adaptive mechanisms are exhausted
Body either rests and mobilizes its defenses to return to normal or dies
Hardiness correct answers Way a person deals with stress
Spence of Coherence correct answers How a person sees the world and one's life in it
Resilience correct answers Being resourceful, flexible, and using problem-solving strategies
Attitude correct answers Positive vs negative
Physiological response to stress correct answers The three systems are nervous, endocrine, and
immune. Activation affects cardiovascular, respiratory, gastro, renal, and reproductive
Stress negative feedback loop correct answers Cortisol -> CRH -> ACTH -> then produces
epinephrine and norepinephrine
primary appraisal correct answers Involves determining whether the stress poses a threat
,Secondary appraisal correct answers Involves the individuals' evaluation of coping strategies or
resources to manage any perceived threat
Inflammation correct answers a localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues
The inflammatory response correct answers 1: neutralizes and dilutes the inflammatory agent
2: removes necrotic material
3: establishes an environment that is suitable for healing repair to take place
local manifestations of inflammation correct answers heat, redness, swelling, pain
Fever pathophysiology correct answers Onset is triggered by release of cytokines
Cytokines cause fever by initiating metabolic changes in temperature-regulating center in
hypothalamus
Production of PGE2 rase the thermostatic set point
Heat conservation or heat generation
Stages of a febrile response correct answers 1: Prodrome: non-specific complaints
2: chills (increases metabolic rate)
3:flush (person feels warm throughout their body)
4: defervescence (sweating causes body temp to lower)
Acute fever correct answers 2-3 weeks
Subacute fever correct answers A few weeks to months
Chronic fever correct answers Months to years t
The healing process correct answers 1: regeneration (lost cells and tissues are replaced with the
same type of cells)
2: repair (lost cells replaced with connective tissue)
Healing through primary intention correct answers Incision with blood clot, edges approximated
with suture, fine scar
Healing through secondary intention correct answers significant tissue damage, necrosis,
irregular wound edges. Inability to approximate wound edges/ margins. Granulation tissue fills
wound bed to the level of the skin with wound closure occurring through scar tissue formation,
large scar
Healing through tertiary prevention correct answers Wound is left open because there is a risk of
contamination. Contaminated wound, granulation tissue, delayed closure with suture
, Wound Classification correct answers cause (surgical vs. nonsurgical, acute vs. chronic), depth
(superficial, partial/full thickness), colour (red, yellow, black), underlying pathophysiology
(vascular, pressure, diabetes), level of contamination
Pressure wound staging assessment correct answers Measure
Exudate
Appearance
Suffering
Reevaluate
Edge
Osteoarthritis pathophysiology correct answers degenerative condition resulting in destruction of
articular cartilage and hypertrophy of marginal bone. Cartilage becomes dull, yellow, granular,
soft, less elastic
Diagnostic studies of OA correct answers Bone scan, ct, mri, radiological studies, synovial fluid
analysis
Dysplasia correct answers abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
Anaplasia correct answers Cell differentiation to a more immature or embryonic form
Adhesions correct answers Bands of scar tissue that form between or around organs
Dehiscence correct answers separation and disruption of previously joined wound edges
Evisceration correct answers Occurs when wound edges separate to the extent that intestines
protrude through wound
Fistula correct answers an abnormal passage, usually between two internal organs or leading
from an organ to the surface of the body
Hypertrophic scar correct answers an inappropriately large, red raised and hard scar; not
permanent
Keloid correct answers A protrusion of scar tissue that extends beyond the wound edges and may
form tumour-like masses of scar tissue
Homeostasis correct answers State of equilibrium in internal environment of the body
Normal PH correct answers 7.35-7.45
Body fluid compartments correct answers Intracellular (ICF): 2/3 of body water
Extracellular (ECF): 1/3 of body water
Electrolytes correct answers ECF: main cation is sodium and primary anion is chloride
