HLTH 314 FINAL || ALREADY PASSED.
Malignant: correct answers Overgrowth of cells that are poorly differentiated
Invade/infiltrate nearby tissues
travel to distant places by blood or lymph system in the body (metastasize)
grow rapidly
Benign: correct answers Expansion growth
Well differentiated
Localized, do not invade nearby tissues
Slow growth rate
5 worst for incidence correct answers prostate, breast, lung + bronchus, colon + rectal, melanoma
5 worst for mortality correct answers lung + bronchus, colon + rectal, breast, pancreas, prostate
5 year survival correct answers pancreas, lung + bronchus, leukemia, non-hodgkin lymphoma,
colon + rectal
3 types of genes that are the main drivers of cancer correct answers Proto-oncogenes- regulate
cell growth (gas)
Tumor suppressor genes- lead to cell death at appropriate time (brake)
DNA repair genes- repair dna/ mutation (going to the shop)
American Cancer Society CAUTION acronym correct answers Change in bowel or bladder
habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough
TNM cancer staging system correct answers T-tumor (size in original cite)
N- node (how many lymph nodes involved)
M- Metastatic (spread or not)
Radiation: correct answers high energy rays, localized. Directed at the specific type. Shrink a
tumor before surgery or destroy remaining cancer cells after the surgery. Using a machine to fry
tumor. Side-effects: loss of hair, fatigue, susceptibility to other infections.
Chemo: correct answers mix of chemical based treatment. IV (higher dose) or pill (lower dose).
Drugs to kill cancer cells, destroy the hard to detect cancer cells and reduce size of the tumor.
Side-effects: fatigue, susceptibility to infections, poor appetite, weight loss, nausea, diarrhea, hair
loss, bone marrow failure.
, Immunotherapy: correct answers treatments that support the immune system's response to
cancer. Side-effects: flu-like systems, weakness, loss of appetite, skin rash.
Targeted: correct answers Block the actions of specific molecules in or on cancer cells. Block
specific proteins which signal cancer cells to proliferate. Only specific cells. Not available to all
cancers, just a few. If those specific ones are only found in a few places. Reduce side effects
because the drug is targeted at a specific site and normal cells are less likely to be harmed.
Hormone: correct answers Block production of hormones or change the way they work. The
hormones that cause cancer can be stopped. This doesn't kill the cancer, but it slows or stops the
growth. (like for prostate cancer)
Arteries correct answers take blood from the heart to extremities. It has oxygen when it leaves
(red on charts)
Veins correct answers bring blood back to the heart. It has no oxygen. (blue on charts)
Right/left coronary: correct answers know where it is. The heart's blood supply. It needs blood to
function.
look at heart diagram correct answers do it
Capillaries: correct answers transition from artery to vein. Where gas exchange happens. Oxygen
goes out, CO2 comes in.
Pulmonary artery: correct answers artery that take blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to
get oxygenated.
Aorta artery: correct answers takes oxygenated blood from heart to rest of body
Hypertension: correct answers high blood pressure and can cause damage to the heart and
arteries over time. It is a major cause of CVD. **DASH-dietary approaches to stop hypertension.
diet (high in fruits and veggies, low in sodium)
Congenital heart defects: correct answers defects from birth, develop in the uterus.
Arrhythmia: correct answers irregular heart beat, fast, or slow
Cardiomyopathy: correct answers thinning or thickening of heart muscle, prevents pumping
blood correctly, disease that weakens the heart muscles.
Coronary heart disease: . correct answers Deposits of fat, calcium, and dead cells that clog the
arteries and a blood clot may form which leads to a heart attack
Hypercholesterolemia: . correct answers high cholesterol, a risk factor for heart disease and can
lead to a heart attack
Malignant: correct answers Overgrowth of cells that are poorly differentiated
Invade/infiltrate nearby tissues
travel to distant places by blood or lymph system in the body (metastasize)
grow rapidly
Benign: correct answers Expansion growth
Well differentiated
Localized, do not invade nearby tissues
Slow growth rate
5 worst for incidence correct answers prostate, breast, lung + bronchus, colon + rectal, melanoma
5 worst for mortality correct answers lung + bronchus, colon + rectal, breast, pancreas, prostate
5 year survival correct answers pancreas, lung + bronchus, leukemia, non-hodgkin lymphoma,
colon + rectal
3 types of genes that are the main drivers of cancer correct answers Proto-oncogenes- regulate
cell growth (gas)
Tumor suppressor genes- lead to cell death at appropriate time (brake)
DNA repair genes- repair dna/ mutation (going to the shop)
American Cancer Society CAUTION acronym correct answers Change in bowel or bladder
habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough
TNM cancer staging system correct answers T-tumor (size in original cite)
N- node (how many lymph nodes involved)
M- Metastatic (spread or not)
Radiation: correct answers high energy rays, localized. Directed at the specific type. Shrink a
tumor before surgery or destroy remaining cancer cells after the surgery. Using a machine to fry
tumor. Side-effects: loss of hair, fatigue, susceptibility to other infections.
Chemo: correct answers mix of chemical based treatment. IV (higher dose) or pill (lower dose).
Drugs to kill cancer cells, destroy the hard to detect cancer cells and reduce size of the tumor.
Side-effects: fatigue, susceptibility to infections, poor appetite, weight loss, nausea, diarrhea, hair
loss, bone marrow failure.
, Immunotherapy: correct answers treatments that support the immune system's response to
cancer. Side-effects: flu-like systems, weakness, loss of appetite, skin rash.
Targeted: correct answers Block the actions of specific molecules in or on cancer cells. Block
specific proteins which signal cancer cells to proliferate. Only specific cells. Not available to all
cancers, just a few. If those specific ones are only found in a few places. Reduce side effects
because the drug is targeted at a specific site and normal cells are less likely to be harmed.
Hormone: correct answers Block production of hormones or change the way they work. The
hormones that cause cancer can be stopped. This doesn't kill the cancer, but it slows or stops the
growth. (like for prostate cancer)
Arteries correct answers take blood from the heart to extremities. It has oxygen when it leaves
(red on charts)
Veins correct answers bring blood back to the heart. It has no oxygen. (blue on charts)
Right/left coronary: correct answers know where it is. The heart's blood supply. It needs blood to
function.
look at heart diagram correct answers do it
Capillaries: correct answers transition from artery to vein. Where gas exchange happens. Oxygen
goes out, CO2 comes in.
Pulmonary artery: correct answers artery that take blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to
get oxygenated.
Aorta artery: correct answers takes oxygenated blood from heart to rest of body
Hypertension: correct answers high blood pressure and can cause damage to the heart and
arteries over time. It is a major cause of CVD. **DASH-dietary approaches to stop hypertension.
diet (high in fruits and veggies, low in sodium)
Congenital heart defects: correct answers defects from birth, develop in the uterus.
Arrhythmia: correct answers irregular heart beat, fast, or slow
Cardiomyopathy: correct answers thinning or thickening of heart muscle, prevents pumping
blood correctly, disease that weakens the heart muscles.
Coronary heart disease: . correct answers Deposits of fat, calcium, and dead cells that clog the
arteries and a blood clot may form which leads to a heart attack
Hypercholesterolemia: . correct answers high cholesterol, a risk factor for heart disease and can
lead to a heart attack
