AP Biology: Cells
, Cell - CORRECT ANSWERS-Basic functional unit of all living things
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWERS-Consists of specialized bodies (organelles)
suspended in a fluid matrix (cytosol)
Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWERS-Separates internal metabolic events from
the external environment; controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell
(selective permeability); lipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails,
proteins, cholesterol to provide some rigidity, and a glycocalyx of glycolipids (lipids +
oligosaccharides) and glycoproteins (proteins + oligosaccharides)
Peripheral Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Proteins that attach to the inner or outer
surface of the membrane
Integral Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Proteins that extend into the membrane
Transmembrane Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Integral proteins that span
completely through the membrane; held in place by hydrophilic/hydrophobic regions
Fluid Mosaic Model - CORRECT ANSWERS-Describes structure of the plasma
membrane; scattered proteins within a flexible matrix of phospholipids
Channel Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Provide open passageways through the
membrane
Ion Channels - CORRECT ANSWERS-Allow the passage of ions across the
membranes; gated channels open and close in response to specific stimuli i.e. Na+ and
K+
Porins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Allow the passage of certain ions and small polar
molecules; aquaporins increase the passage rate of water molecules
Carrier Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Bind to specific molecules, undergo a change
in shape, and then transfer the molecules across the membrane; i.e. the passage of
glucose
Transport Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Use ATP to transport materials through
active transport; i.e. sodium-potassium pump maintaining higher sodium and potassium
concentrations on opposite sides of the membrane
Recognition Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Give each cell type a unique
identification so it can distinguish between "self" and "foreign" cells
Adhesion Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Attach cells to neighboring cells and give
cell stability
, Cell - CORRECT ANSWERS-Basic functional unit of all living things
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWERS-Consists of specialized bodies (organelles)
suspended in a fluid matrix (cytosol)
Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWERS-Separates internal metabolic events from
the external environment; controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell
(selective permeability); lipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails,
proteins, cholesterol to provide some rigidity, and a glycocalyx of glycolipids (lipids +
oligosaccharides) and glycoproteins (proteins + oligosaccharides)
Peripheral Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Proteins that attach to the inner or outer
surface of the membrane
Integral Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Proteins that extend into the membrane
Transmembrane Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Integral proteins that span
completely through the membrane; held in place by hydrophilic/hydrophobic regions
Fluid Mosaic Model - CORRECT ANSWERS-Describes structure of the plasma
membrane; scattered proteins within a flexible matrix of phospholipids
Channel Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Provide open passageways through the
membrane
Ion Channels - CORRECT ANSWERS-Allow the passage of ions across the
membranes; gated channels open and close in response to specific stimuli i.e. Na+ and
K+
Porins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Allow the passage of certain ions and small polar
molecules; aquaporins increase the passage rate of water molecules
Carrier Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Bind to specific molecules, undergo a change
in shape, and then transfer the molecules across the membrane; i.e. the passage of
glucose
Transport Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Use ATP to transport materials through
active transport; i.e. sodium-potassium pump maintaining higher sodium and potassium
concentrations on opposite sides of the membrane
Recognition Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Give each cell type a unique
identification so it can distinguish between "self" and "foreign" cells
Adhesion Proteins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Attach cells to neighboring cells and give
cell stability
