Exam (elaborations) NR 328 -

NR 328 - Exam 2

,Fluid Overload: S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS-- edema
- elevated venous pressure
- hepatomegaly
- weight gain
- slow bounding pulse
- lethargy
- seizures/coma
- increased spinal fluid pressure

Fluid Overload: Lab Findings - CORRECT ANSWERS-- low urine specific gravity
- decreased serum electrolytes
- decreased hematocrit
- variable urine volume

Fluid Deficit: S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS-- variable temp
- dry skin and mucous membranes
- poor skin turgor
- decreased pulse
- slow cap refill
- weight loss
- fatigue
- ALOC
- Tachypnea/tachycardia

Fluid Deficit: Lab Findings - CORRECT ANSWERS-- high urine specific gravity
- increased hematocrit
- variable serum electrolytes
- variable urine volume
- increased BUN
- increased serum osmolality

Hypokalemia: S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS-- muscle weakness
- hypotension
- cardiac arrhythmias
- tach or bradycardia
- Ileus
- drowsiness
- irritability

Hypokalemia: Lab Findings - CORRECT ANSWERS-- decreased serum potassium <3.5
- abnormal EKG - notched or flattened t-wave, decreased ST segment

Hypokalemia: Causes - CORRECT ANSWERS-- corticosteroids

, - healing stage of burns
- hyperglycemic diuresis
- IV administration of insulin in DKA
- Alkalosis

Hyperkalemia: Causes - CORRECT ANSWERS-- renal disease
- addison's
- metabolic acidosis
- old donor blood
- crushing injuries

Hyperkalemia: S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS-- muscle weakness
- twitching
- hyperreflexia
- bradycardia
- V-fib and cardiac arrest
- oliguria
- apnea - respiratory distress

Hyperkalemia: Lab Findings - CORRECT ANSWERS-- high serum potassium > 5.5
- variable urine volume
- flat p wave in evg, peaked t wave, widened QRS complex

Potassium: Foods - CORRECT ANSWERS-- avocado
- spinach
- sweet potato
- banana
- mushrooms

Hyponatremia: S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS-- dehydration
- weakness
- dizziness
- nausea
- abdominal cramps
- weak pulse
- decreased blood pressure
- lethargy

Hyponatremia: Lab Findings - CORRECT ANSWERS-- sodium concentration <130
- urine specific gravity depends on water deficit or excess

Hypernatremia: S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS-- thirst
- dry, sticky mucous membranes
- flushed skin
- temperature increased
- hoarseness