,
,
,
,
, a. Comforting
b. Assessment
c. Counseling
d. Caring
ANS: D
Feedback:
The client needs assistance in performing activities of daily life. This would require implementation of
caring skills from the nurse. Comforting, counseling, and assessment skills are also required, but the
priority is the caring skill. Comforting skills involve providing safety and security to the client,
whereas counseling skills are implemented while providing health education and emotional support.
Assessment skills would be required when collecting data from the client.
16. A nurse is assigned the care of a client who has been admitted to the health care facility with high
fever. Which nursing skill should be put into practice at the first contact with the client?
a. Assessment
b. Caring
c. Comforting
d. Counseling
ANS: A
Feedback:
On admission of the client to a health care facility, the nurse would be required to conduct an initial
assessment of the client. Therefore, the nurse would implement his or her nursing skills in this case.
This can be done by interviewing, observing, and examining the client. Caring skills are put into
practice once the nursing needs are determined. Comforting and counseling skills may not have a
major role in assessing client problems.
17. A nurse is caring for a client with a W
heWrnWia.. T
WBhiS
chMo.fW
thS
e following statements should the nurse use
while counseling the client about his condition?
a. “Open hernioplasty is the best surgery for you.”
b. “Open and laparoscopic hernioplasty are available.”
c. “You are not a suitable candidate for hernioplasty.”
d. “I had a bad experience when I underwent hernioplasty.”
ANS: B
Feedback:
A counselor should provide the client with unbiased information from which to choose. Therefore, the
statement that “Open and laparoscopic hernioplasty are available” should be used by the nurse when
counseling a client with hernia. The nurse should, however, refrain from giving a personal opinion, so
it should not be mentioned which surgery is best for the client; likewise, the nurse should not bring up
his or her own past experiences. By reserving personal opinions, a nurse promotes the right of every
person to make his or her own decisions and choices on matters affecting health and illness care.
Telling the client about his suitability to surgery or the best surgery for him may be biased from the
experiences of the past.
18. A registered nurse assigns the task of tracheostomy suctioning of a client to the LPN. The LPN
informs the nurse that she has never done the procedure practically on a client. What should be the
most appropriate response from the registered nurse?
a. “You are through with your theory class, so you should know.”
b. “Take the help of the nurse who knows to perform the procedure.”
c. “Take the help of the procedure manual and act accordingly.”
d. “I will help you in performing the procedure on the client.”
, ANS: D
Feedback:
Although the registered nurse has assigned the task to the LPN, the overall responsibility lies with the
registered nurse. The registered nurse is answerable for the client’s care, not the LPN. Telling the LPN
that she should know the procedure because it is taught in class is inappropriate; putting theory into
application would require supervision. Asking the LPN to refer to the manual and perform the
procedure is incorrect because the LPN may commit mistakes. The LPN is not confident about the
procedure and therefore should not be asked to do the task alone or with another nurse who knows the
procedure.
19. A nurse at a health care facility provides information, assistance, and encouragement to clients during
the various phases of nursing care. In which of the following activities does the nurse use counseling
skills?
a. Educating a group of young girls about AIDS
b. Telling a client to localize the pain in his abdomen
c. Encouraging a client to walk without support
d. Assisting a lactating mother in feeding her child
ANS: A
Feedback:
The activity of educating a group of young girls about AIDS is based on the nurse using counseling
skills. Telling a client to localize his pain is an assessment skill. Encouraging a client to walk without
support can be both a comforting skill and a caring skill. Assisting a lactating mother in feeding her
baby is an example of a caring skill.
20. A student wants to join a nursing program that provides flexibility in working at both staff and
managerial positions. Which nursing program should the nurse suggest for this student?
a. Hospital-based diplomas
b. Baccalaureate nursing programs
c. Associate degree programs
d. Continuing nursing programs
ANS: B
Feedback:
The student could opt for a baccalaureate nursing program. Baccalaureate-prepared nurses have the
greatest flexibility in qualifying for nursing positions at both staff and managerial levels.
Hospital-based diploma programs are three-year courses and provide maximum exposure to clinical
nursing. Students becoming nurses through the associate degree program would not be expected to
work in a management position. Continuing nursing programs are on-the-job educational programs.
21. Training schools for nurses were established in the United States after the Civil War. The standards of
U.S. schools deviated from those of the Nightingale paradigm. Which of the following statements is
true about U.S. training schools?
a. Training schools were affiliated with a few select hospitals.
b. Training of nurses provided no financial advantages to the hospital.
c. Training was formal, based on nursing care.
d. Training schools eliminated the need to pay employees.
ANS: D
Feedback:
, Training schools in the U.S. profited by eliminating the need to pay employees because students
worked without pay in return for training, which usually consisted of chores. U.S. training schools
were established by any hospital; there was no formal training. Training was an outcome of work,
which eliminated the need to pay employees. Nightingale training schools were affiliated with a few
select hospitals, training of nurses provided no financial advantages to the hospital, and the training
was formal, based on nursing care.
22. A student has completed a nursing program accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing
Education. Which of the following is true about the organization?
a. It fosters continued improvement in nursing education programs.
b. Accreditation is by governmental peer review process.
c. It ensures the quality and integrity of diploma nursing programs.
d. It uses state-recognized standards to evaluate the programs.
ANS: A
Feedback:
The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education fosters continued improvement in nursing
education programs. Accreditation is by nongovernmental, peer review process. It ensures the quality
and integrity of baccalaureate and graduate nursing programs, not diploma nursing programs. It uses
nationally-recognized, not state-recognized, standards to evaluate the programs.
23. A registered nurse adheres to the American Nurses Association’s standard of professional performance
by engaging in which of the following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Evaluation
d. Collaboration
ANS: D
Feedback:
Collaboration is designated in ANA’s standard of professional performance. Assessment, diagnosis,
and evaluation are not designated in ANA’s standard of professional performance. They are
professional nursing responsibilities designated in ANA’s standard of care list.
24. During the clinical rotation, a nurse documents the vital signs of a client on the bedside chart. What
role is the nurse playing in such a situation?
a. Decision maker
b. Communicator
c. Coordinator
d. Client advocate
ANS: B
Feedback:
The nurse is providing, in written form, the client’s vital signs to the health care provider checking the
bedside chart during his or her clinical rounds, so the nurse acts as a communicator. The nurse is not
making any decisions here, so the role is not that of a decision maker. The nurse is not playing the role
of a coordinator or a client advocate. When the nurse coordinates services offered by a variety of
health care professionals, the nurse acts as a coordinator. As a client advocate, the nurse should protect
the client, understanding the client’s needs and concerns.
25. A licensed practice nurse (LPN) is working as a staff nurse. What role do the LPNs working as staff
nurses play?
a. Work only in long-term care facilities and at client’s homes
b. Provide direct nursing care to the clients in the health care facility
c. Work only as care providers, team members, and communicators
, d. Supervise the work of charge nurses working in different units
ANS: B
Feedback:
LPNs working as staff nurses provide direct nursing care to the clients in the health care facility. Staff
nurses may work in hospitals, the community, clinics, long-term care facilities, or homes. They work
not only as care providers, team
members, and communicators but also as decision makers, client advocates, and educators. They do
not supervise the work of charge nurses working in different units. Their work is coordinated by the
charge nurse or the team leader.
26. The Nurse Corps of the United States Army was established by whom?
a. Dorothea Dix
b. Lillian Wald
c. Florence Nightingale
d. Isabel Hampton Robb
ANS: A
Feedback:
Dorothea Dix established the Nurse Corps of the United States Army.
27. The director of nursing (DON) of a major hospital is seeking to hire a nurse with a strong technical
background to care for patients on a busy surgical unit. The DON is most likely going to hire a nurse
prepared at which level of nursing?
a. Doctoral level
b. Master’s level
c. Baccalaureate level
d. Associate level
ANS: D
Feedback:
The ANA’s 1965 resolution prompted the 1985 ANA statement adopting the titles of associate nurse (a
nurse prepared in an associate degree program with an emphasis on technical practice) and
professional nurse (a nurse possessing the baccalaureate degree in nursing) for these two levels.
Master’s and doctoral prepared nurses possess higher degrees and expertise.
28. A student is choosing her educational path and desires a nursing degree with a track that contains
community nursing and leadership, as well as liberal arts. The student would best be suited in which
type of program?
a. Licensed practical nursing program
b. Certification in a nursing specialty
c. Diploma nursing program
d. Baccalaureate program
ANS: D
Feedback:
The baccalaureate degree in nursing offers students a full college or university education with a
background in the liberal arts.
29. A nurse is caring for a young victim of a terrorist attack. During the rehabilitative process, the nurse
assists the client in bathing and dressing. What role the nurse is engaged in?
a. Advocate
b. Caregiver
c. Counselor
d. Educator
, ANS: B
Feedback:
As providers of care, nurses assume responsibility for helping clients promote, restore, and maintain
health and wellness. Communicating the client’s needs and concerns, and protecting the client’s rights
are components of the advocacy role of nursing. The nurse is simply assisting in hygiene measures; no
education or counseling is being provided.
30. A nurse receives an x-ray report on a newly admitted patient suspected of having a fractured tibia. The
nurse contacts the physician to report the findings. What role is the nurse engaged in?
a. Communicator
b. Advocate
c. Caregiver
d. Researcher
ANS: A
Feedback:
Nurses are communicators when they report findings to the health care team. Advocacy involves
actions such as protecting the patient’s safety or rights. Administering care measures directly to the
patient demonstrates the caregiver role. Research involves collecting and analyzing data.
31. The client’s plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice?
a. Nursing process
b. Nursing’s Social Policy Statement
c. Nurse practice act
d. ANA Standards of Nursing Practice
ANS: A
Feedback:
Nursing process is used by nurses toWiWdeW
nt.ifT
yBthS
eMcli.enWt’Ss strengths, limitations, and health care needs;
to formulate a plan of care to address the health care needs; to plan and implement a plan of care to
meet those health care needs; and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to achieve established
outcomes. The ANA Standards of Nursing Practice defines the activities of nurses that are specific and
unique to nursing. Nurse practice acts are laws established by each state to regulate the practice of
nursing. Nursing’s Social Policy Statement describes the values and social responsibility of nursing,
provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing and nursing’s knowledge base, including the
methods by which nursing is regulated.
32. The nurse is administering immunizations to a group of teens in a county health clinic. The nurse
correctly identifies this action as:
a. Illness prevention
b. Restorative care
c. Treatment of disease
d. Supportive nursing care
ANS: A
Feedback:
The aim of illness prevention activities is to reduce the risk for illness, to promote good health habits,
and to maintain optimal functioning. Immunization administration is an example of illness prevention.
Assisting with crutch walking, and teaching medication administration would be examples of health
restoration activities. Administering antibiotics to a patient to treat an infection would be an example
of treatment of disease. Hospice care is an example of supportive care.
33. Which nursing role is the nurse exhibiting when collecting data about the number of urinary tract
infections on the nursing unit?
,
,
,
, a. Comforting
b. Assessment
c. Counseling
d. Caring
ANS: D
Feedback:
The client needs assistance in performing activities of daily life. This would require implementation of
caring skills from the nurse. Comforting, counseling, and assessment skills are also required, but the
priority is the caring skill. Comforting skills involve providing safety and security to the client,
whereas counseling skills are implemented while providing health education and emotional support.
Assessment skills would be required when collecting data from the client.
16. A nurse is assigned the care of a client who has been admitted to the health care facility with high
fever. Which nursing skill should be put into practice at the first contact with the client?
a. Assessment
b. Caring
c. Comforting
d. Counseling
ANS: A
Feedback:
On admission of the client to a health care facility, the nurse would be required to conduct an initial
assessment of the client. Therefore, the nurse would implement his or her nursing skills in this case.
This can be done by interviewing, observing, and examining the client. Caring skills are put into
practice once the nursing needs are determined. Comforting and counseling skills may not have a
major role in assessing client problems.
17. A nurse is caring for a client with a W
heWrnWia.. T
WBhiS
chMo.fW
thS
e following statements should the nurse use
while counseling the client about his condition?
a. “Open hernioplasty is the best surgery for you.”
b. “Open and laparoscopic hernioplasty are available.”
c. “You are not a suitable candidate for hernioplasty.”
d. “I had a bad experience when I underwent hernioplasty.”
ANS: B
Feedback:
A counselor should provide the client with unbiased information from which to choose. Therefore, the
statement that “Open and laparoscopic hernioplasty are available” should be used by the nurse when
counseling a client with hernia. The nurse should, however, refrain from giving a personal opinion, so
it should not be mentioned which surgery is best for the client; likewise, the nurse should not bring up
his or her own past experiences. By reserving personal opinions, a nurse promotes the right of every
person to make his or her own decisions and choices on matters affecting health and illness care.
Telling the client about his suitability to surgery or the best surgery for him may be biased from the
experiences of the past.
18. A registered nurse assigns the task of tracheostomy suctioning of a client to the LPN. The LPN
informs the nurse that she has never done the procedure practically on a client. What should be the
most appropriate response from the registered nurse?
a. “You are through with your theory class, so you should know.”
b. “Take the help of the nurse who knows to perform the procedure.”
c. “Take the help of the procedure manual and act accordingly.”
d. “I will help you in performing the procedure on the client.”
, ANS: D
Feedback:
Although the registered nurse has assigned the task to the LPN, the overall responsibility lies with the
registered nurse. The registered nurse is answerable for the client’s care, not the LPN. Telling the LPN
that she should know the procedure because it is taught in class is inappropriate; putting theory into
application would require supervision. Asking the LPN to refer to the manual and perform the
procedure is incorrect because the LPN may commit mistakes. The LPN is not confident about the
procedure and therefore should not be asked to do the task alone or with another nurse who knows the
procedure.
19. A nurse at a health care facility provides information, assistance, and encouragement to clients during
the various phases of nursing care. In which of the following activities does the nurse use counseling
skills?
a. Educating a group of young girls about AIDS
b. Telling a client to localize the pain in his abdomen
c. Encouraging a client to walk without support
d. Assisting a lactating mother in feeding her child
ANS: A
Feedback:
The activity of educating a group of young girls about AIDS is based on the nurse using counseling
skills. Telling a client to localize his pain is an assessment skill. Encouraging a client to walk without
support can be both a comforting skill and a caring skill. Assisting a lactating mother in feeding her
baby is an example of a caring skill.
20. A student wants to join a nursing program that provides flexibility in working at both staff and
managerial positions. Which nursing program should the nurse suggest for this student?
a. Hospital-based diplomas
b. Baccalaureate nursing programs
c. Associate degree programs
d. Continuing nursing programs
ANS: B
Feedback:
The student could opt for a baccalaureate nursing program. Baccalaureate-prepared nurses have the
greatest flexibility in qualifying for nursing positions at both staff and managerial levels.
Hospital-based diploma programs are three-year courses and provide maximum exposure to clinical
nursing. Students becoming nurses through the associate degree program would not be expected to
work in a management position. Continuing nursing programs are on-the-job educational programs.
21. Training schools for nurses were established in the United States after the Civil War. The standards of
U.S. schools deviated from those of the Nightingale paradigm. Which of the following statements is
true about U.S. training schools?
a. Training schools were affiliated with a few select hospitals.
b. Training of nurses provided no financial advantages to the hospital.
c. Training was formal, based on nursing care.
d. Training schools eliminated the need to pay employees.
ANS: D
Feedback:
, Training schools in the U.S. profited by eliminating the need to pay employees because students
worked without pay in return for training, which usually consisted of chores. U.S. training schools
were established by any hospital; there was no formal training. Training was an outcome of work,
which eliminated the need to pay employees. Nightingale training schools were affiliated with a few
select hospitals, training of nurses provided no financial advantages to the hospital, and the training
was formal, based on nursing care.
22. A student has completed a nursing program accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing
Education. Which of the following is true about the organization?
a. It fosters continued improvement in nursing education programs.
b. Accreditation is by governmental peer review process.
c. It ensures the quality and integrity of diploma nursing programs.
d. It uses state-recognized standards to evaluate the programs.
ANS: A
Feedback:
The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education fosters continued improvement in nursing
education programs. Accreditation is by nongovernmental, peer review process. It ensures the quality
and integrity of baccalaureate and graduate nursing programs, not diploma nursing programs. It uses
nationally-recognized, not state-recognized, standards to evaluate the programs.
23. A registered nurse adheres to the American Nurses Association’s standard of professional performance
by engaging in which of the following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Evaluation
d. Collaboration
ANS: D
Feedback:
Collaboration is designated in ANA’s standard of professional performance. Assessment, diagnosis,
and evaluation are not designated in ANA’s standard of professional performance. They are
professional nursing responsibilities designated in ANA’s standard of care list.
24. During the clinical rotation, a nurse documents the vital signs of a client on the bedside chart. What
role is the nurse playing in such a situation?
a. Decision maker
b. Communicator
c. Coordinator
d. Client advocate
ANS: B
Feedback:
The nurse is providing, in written form, the client’s vital signs to the health care provider checking the
bedside chart during his or her clinical rounds, so the nurse acts as a communicator. The nurse is not
making any decisions here, so the role is not that of a decision maker. The nurse is not playing the role
of a coordinator or a client advocate. When the nurse coordinates services offered by a variety of
health care professionals, the nurse acts as a coordinator. As a client advocate, the nurse should protect
the client, understanding the client’s needs and concerns.
25. A licensed practice nurse (LPN) is working as a staff nurse. What role do the LPNs working as staff
nurses play?
a. Work only in long-term care facilities and at client’s homes
b. Provide direct nursing care to the clients in the health care facility
c. Work only as care providers, team members, and communicators
, d. Supervise the work of charge nurses working in different units
ANS: B
Feedback:
LPNs working as staff nurses provide direct nursing care to the clients in the health care facility. Staff
nurses may work in hospitals, the community, clinics, long-term care facilities, or homes. They work
not only as care providers, team
members, and communicators but also as decision makers, client advocates, and educators. They do
not supervise the work of charge nurses working in different units. Their work is coordinated by the
charge nurse or the team leader.
26. The Nurse Corps of the United States Army was established by whom?
a. Dorothea Dix
b. Lillian Wald
c. Florence Nightingale
d. Isabel Hampton Robb
ANS: A
Feedback:
Dorothea Dix established the Nurse Corps of the United States Army.
27. The director of nursing (DON) of a major hospital is seeking to hire a nurse with a strong technical
background to care for patients on a busy surgical unit. The DON is most likely going to hire a nurse
prepared at which level of nursing?
a. Doctoral level
b. Master’s level
c. Baccalaureate level
d. Associate level
ANS: D
Feedback:
The ANA’s 1965 resolution prompted the 1985 ANA statement adopting the titles of associate nurse (a
nurse prepared in an associate degree program with an emphasis on technical practice) and
professional nurse (a nurse possessing the baccalaureate degree in nursing) for these two levels.
Master’s and doctoral prepared nurses possess higher degrees and expertise.
28. A student is choosing her educational path and desires a nursing degree with a track that contains
community nursing and leadership, as well as liberal arts. The student would best be suited in which
type of program?
a. Licensed practical nursing program
b. Certification in a nursing specialty
c. Diploma nursing program
d. Baccalaureate program
ANS: D
Feedback:
The baccalaureate degree in nursing offers students a full college or university education with a
background in the liberal arts.
29. A nurse is caring for a young victim of a terrorist attack. During the rehabilitative process, the nurse
assists the client in bathing and dressing. What role the nurse is engaged in?
a. Advocate
b. Caregiver
c. Counselor
d. Educator
, ANS: B
Feedback:
As providers of care, nurses assume responsibility for helping clients promote, restore, and maintain
health and wellness. Communicating the client’s needs and concerns, and protecting the client’s rights
are components of the advocacy role of nursing. The nurse is simply assisting in hygiene measures; no
education or counseling is being provided.
30. A nurse receives an x-ray report on a newly admitted patient suspected of having a fractured tibia. The
nurse contacts the physician to report the findings. What role is the nurse engaged in?
a. Communicator
b. Advocate
c. Caregiver
d. Researcher
ANS: A
Feedback:
Nurses are communicators when they report findings to the health care team. Advocacy involves
actions such as protecting the patient’s safety or rights. Administering care measures directly to the
patient demonstrates the caregiver role. Research involves collecting and analyzing data.
31. The client’s plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice?
a. Nursing process
b. Nursing’s Social Policy Statement
c. Nurse practice act
d. ANA Standards of Nursing Practice
ANS: A
Feedback:
Nursing process is used by nurses toWiWdeW
nt.ifT
yBthS
eMcli.enWt’Ss strengths, limitations, and health care needs;
to formulate a plan of care to address the health care needs; to plan and implement a plan of care to
meet those health care needs; and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to achieve established
outcomes. The ANA Standards of Nursing Practice defines the activities of nurses that are specific and
unique to nursing. Nurse practice acts are laws established by each state to regulate the practice of
nursing. Nursing’s Social Policy Statement describes the values and social responsibility of nursing,
provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing and nursing’s knowledge base, including the
methods by which nursing is regulated.
32. The nurse is administering immunizations to a group of teens in a county health clinic. The nurse
correctly identifies this action as:
a. Illness prevention
b. Restorative care
c. Treatment of disease
d. Supportive nursing care
ANS: A
Feedback:
The aim of illness prevention activities is to reduce the risk for illness, to promote good health habits,
and to maintain optimal functioning. Immunization administration is an example of illness prevention.
Assisting with crutch walking, and teaching medication administration would be examples of health
restoration activities. Administering antibiotics to a patient to treat an infection would be an example
of treatment of disease. Hospice care is an example of supportive care.
33. Which nursing role is the nurse exhibiting when collecting data about the number of urinary tract
infections on the nursing unit?
