GMS 6419 Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Adrenal Medulla
Test bank GMS 6419 Hypothalamus,
Pituitary, Adrenal Medulla
What is the endocrine system? The system that allows for hormones to be released
What are endocrine glands? Organs that contain endocrine tissue and hormones
What are some examples of endocrine system function? Release and produce hormones,
Growth and developmental processes, Reproduction, Energy balance and metabolism, Body
temperature, Stress responses, Ionic environment, Water and sodium balance, Cardiovascular
regulation.
How is the endocrine system organized? Endocrine gland releases hormone in the blood to
the target cell
How does neurocrine systems work? Nerve releases hormone into blood to send to target cell
How does paracrine systems work? Hormone is released from gland or nerve and sent straight
to target cell or nerve
How does autocrine systems work? Hormone is released to take effect on releasing hormone
or nerve
What are the 8 major endocrine glands? Hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal, pancreas,
Thyroid, parathyroid, ovaries and testes
What 2 types of hormones does the hypothalamus release? Releasing and inhibiting
hormones
What 9 hormones does the pituitary gland release? ACTH, TSH, GH, LH, FSH, PRL, SST, AVP, OT
What 3 hormones does the thyroid gland release? T3, T4, calcitonin CT
What hormone does the parathyroid glands release? PTH
What 4 hormones does the adrenal glands release? Aldo, Cort, Epi, Ne
What 2 hormones does the pancreas release? Insulin and glucagon
What 3 hormones does the ovaries release? Estrogen, Progestrone, Inhibin
, What hormones does the testes release? Testosterone T, inhibin
What are the 3 major classes of hormones? Proteins/peptides, steroids & steroid-like
molecules, tyrosine-derived hormones
Name some peptide hormones. ACTH, ANP, AVP, CT, CCK,CRH, FSH, GnRH, GH, GHRH, IGFI,
LH, OT, PTH, PRL, SST, TSH, TRH, VIP
How are peptide hormones made? Gene → Messenger rna → preprohormone → prohormone
→ hormone
How are peptide hormones secreted and transported? After they're made, they're stored in
a granule and released through exocytosis
What peptide is synthesized in a different mechanism ( extracellularly from peptide precursors
in the blood)? Angiotensin II
Name 5 steroids and steroid-like hormones. Aldosterone, cortisol, estradiol, progesterone,
testosterone
How are steroids made? Derived from cholesterol
How are steroids secreted and transported? Diffused out into blood with binding protein or d3
metabolites
Name 5 tyrosine-derived hormones. Dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroxine,
triiodothyronine
What are the 2 places where tyrosine-derived hormones are made? Adrenal medulla,
thyroid
How are tyrosine hormones made in the adrenal medulla store and secreted? Like peptide
hormones, once made, they're stored in a granule and released through exocytosis
How are tyrosine hormones made in the thyroid stored and secreted? Similar to steroids,
stored in thyroid follicles and released through diffusion
How is hormone secretion regulated? Hormone goes back to pituitary gland or
hypothalamus to stop sending releasing hormone
How does hormone secretion affect circadian rhythms? It tells how different hormones are
secreted at different times so as ACTH secretion goes up → more cortisol → you wake up
How are hormone receptors involved with intercellular signaling? Peptide hormones have
receptors on the membrane, Steroid hormones have receptors inside the cell
What is the hypothalamus? Group of nuclei at brain base to maintain homeostasis
Test bank GMS 6419 Hypothalamus,
Pituitary, Adrenal Medulla
What is the endocrine system? The system that allows for hormones to be released
What are endocrine glands? Organs that contain endocrine tissue and hormones
What are some examples of endocrine system function? Release and produce hormones,
Growth and developmental processes, Reproduction, Energy balance and metabolism, Body
temperature, Stress responses, Ionic environment, Water and sodium balance, Cardiovascular
regulation.
How is the endocrine system organized? Endocrine gland releases hormone in the blood to
the target cell
How does neurocrine systems work? Nerve releases hormone into blood to send to target cell
How does paracrine systems work? Hormone is released from gland or nerve and sent straight
to target cell or nerve
How does autocrine systems work? Hormone is released to take effect on releasing hormone
or nerve
What are the 8 major endocrine glands? Hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal, pancreas,
Thyroid, parathyroid, ovaries and testes
What 2 types of hormones does the hypothalamus release? Releasing and inhibiting
hormones
What 9 hormones does the pituitary gland release? ACTH, TSH, GH, LH, FSH, PRL, SST, AVP, OT
What 3 hormones does the thyroid gland release? T3, T4, calcitonin CT
What hormone does the parathyroid glands release? PTH
What 4 hormones does the adrenal glands release? Aldo, Cort, Epi, Ne
What 2 hormones does the pancreas release? Insulin and glucagon
What 3 hormones does the ovaries release? Estrogen, Progestrone, Inhibin
, What hormones does the testes release? Testosterone T, inhibin
What are the 3 major classes of hormones? Proteins/peptides, steroids & steroid-like
molecules, tyrosine-derived hormones
Name some peptide hormones. ACTH, ANP, AVP, CT, CCK,CRH, FSH, GnRH, GH, GHRH, IGFI,
LH, OT, PTH, PRL, SST, TSH, TRH, VIP
How are peptide hormones made? Gene → Messenger rna → preprohormone → prohormone
→ hormone
How are peptide hormones secreted and transported? After they're made, they're stored in
a granule and released through exocytosis
What peptide is synthesized in a different mechanism ( extracellularly from peptide precursors
in the blood)? Angiotensin II
Name 5 steroids and steroid-like hormones. Aldosterone, cortisol, estradiol, progesterone,
testosterone
How are steroids made? Derived from cholesterol
How are steroids secreted and transported? Diffused out into blood with binding protein or d3
metabolites
Name 5 tyrosine-derived hormones. Dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroxine,
triiodothyronine
What are the 2 places where tyrosine-derived hormones are made? Adrenal medulla,
thyroid
How are tyrosine hormones made in the adrenal medulla store and secreted? Like peptide
hormones, once made, they're stored in a granule and released through exocytosis
How are tyrosine hormones made in the thyroid stored and secreted? Similar to steroids,
stored in thyroid follicles and released through diffusion
How is hormone secretion regulated? Hormone goes back to pituitary gland or
hypothalamus to stop sending releasing hormone
How does hormone secretion affect circadian rhythms? It tells how different hormones are
secreted at different times so as ACTH secretion goes up → more cortisol → you wake up
How are hormone receptors involved with intercellular signaling? Peptide hormones have
receptors on the membrane, Steroid hormones have receptors inside the cell
What is the hypothalamus? Group of nuclei at brain base to maintain homeostasis
