NR507/ NR 507 FINAL EXAM (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update)
Advanced Pathophysiology | Complete Guide with Questions
and Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A – Chamberlain
The only way for a hormone to work is through the blood stream. - ANSWER
~ False.
The endocrine cell can also secrete hormones that target cells directly close it.
When this occurs, this type of secretion is known as paracrine signaling.
Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the
cell's cytoplasm - ANSWER ~ True.
This statement is true. Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind
to receptors in the cell's cytoplasm.
The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - ANSWER ~
True.
This statement is true. The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own
hormones
,To be considered a lipid hormone, it must be bound to a protein and it must bind
to receptors inside the cell membrane - ANSWER ~ False.
It must be bound to a protein and it bind to receptors on the cell membrane
rather than inside the cell membrane.
The pineal gland is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle - ANSWER
~ True.
The posterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - ANSWER ~
False.
The posterior pituitary receives its hormones (oxytocin and ADH) from the
hypothalamus. The anterior pituitary produces its own hormones.
Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the
kidneys. - ANSWER ~ This statement is true.
,Hyperthyroidism - ANSWER ~ Elevated Thyroid Hormone
Suppressed TSH
Enlarged liver
Hand tremors
Hypothyroidism - ANSWER ~ Decreased thyroid hormone and
Elevated TSH
Fatigue
Diminished deep tendon reflexes
Type 1 DM - ANSWER ~ Onset 1<10-20 years
Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis
Symptoms: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
Autoimmune:Genetic and environmental factors, resulting in gradual process of
autoimmune destruction in genetically susceptible individuals
Nonautoimmune:Unknown
Strong association with HLA-DQA and HLA-DQB genes
, acute complications: Diabetic ketoacidosis
Type 2 DM - ANSWER ~ Usually > 40 years of age
Associated with hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Symptoms: weakness, weight loss, infections
Results from genetic susceptibility (polygenic) combined with environmental
determinants and other risk factors
Inherited defects in beta-cell mass and function combined with peripheral tissue
insulin resistance
Associated with long-duration obesity
strong genetic association
Acute complications: Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
alpha cells - ANSWER ~ responsible for secreting glucagon
Advanced Pathophysiology | Complete Guide with Questions
and Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A – Chamberlain
The only way for a hormone to work is through the blood stream. - ANSWER
~ False.
The endocrine cell can also secrete hormones that target cells directly close it.
When this occurs, this type of secretion is known as paracrine signaling.
Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the
cell's cytoplasm - ANSWER ~ True.
This statement is true. Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind
to receptors in the cell's cytoplasm.
The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - ANSWER ~
True.
This statement is true. The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own
hormones
,To be considered a lipid hormone, it must be bound to a protein and it must bind
to receptors inside the cell membrane - ANSWER ~ False.
It must be bound to a protein and it bind to receptors on the cell membrane
rather than inside the cell membrane.
The pineal gland is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle - ANSWER
~ True.
The posterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - ANSWER ~
False.
The posterior pituitary receives its hormones (oxytocin and ADH) from the
hypothalamus. The anterior pituitary produces its own hormones.
Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the
kidneys. - ANSWER ~ This statement is true.
,Hyperthyroidism - ANSWER ~ Elevated Thyroid Hormone
Suppressed TSH
Enlarged liver
Hand tremors
Hypothyroidism - ANSWER ~ Decreased thyroid hormone and
Elevated TSH
Fatigue
Diminished deep tendon reflexes
Type 1 DM - ANSWER ~ Onset 1<10-20 years
Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis
Symptoms: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
Autoimmune:Genetic and environmental factors, resulting in gradual process of
autoimmune destruction in genetically susceptible individuals
Nonautoimmune:Unknown
Strong association with HLA-DQA and HLA-DQB genes
, acute complications: Diabetic ketoacidosis
Type 2 DM - ANSWER ~ Usually > 40 years of age
Associated with hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Symptoms: weakness, weight loss, infections
Results from genetic susceptibility (polygenic) combined with environmental
determinants and other risk factors
Inherited defects in beta-cell mass and function combined with peripheral tissue
insulin resistance
Associated with long-duration obesity
strong genetic association
Acute complications: Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
alpha cells - ANSWER ~ responsible for secreting glucagon
