GMS-6419 questions and answers
3 components of endocrine system gland, hormone, target organ/cell
accretion synthesis at site of resorption to remove calcium and phosphate from blood
acidophils somatotrophs, lactotrophs
acute regulation of EPI/NE increased sympathetic activity increases TH, so you get increased
EPI/NE (no negative feedback because another result is increased secretion)
adrenal gland hormones ALDO, CORT, EPI, NE
adrenergic receptors EPI/NE receptors, divided into alpha and beta
allostatic mechanisms help respond to environmental changes or stresses
Arc arcuate nucleus
are autocrine hormones released into the blood no, interstitial fluid
are catecholamines hydrophilic yes, circulate in blood free form
are endocrine hormones secreted into the blood yes
are neurocrine hormones secreted into the blood yes
are paracrine hormones released into the blood no, interstitial fluid
are peptide hormones hydrophilic yes, circulate in blood free form
are steroid hormones hydrophilic no, need binding protein
are thyroid hormones hydrophilic no, need binding protein
AVN anterior hypothalamus
basophil types corticotrophs, thyrotrophs, gonadotrophs
calcitonin calcitropic, decrease blood calcium
cardiovascular effects of EPI/NE increase blood supply to muscles/nutrient
producers/nutrient needers (heart, brain, muscle)
cell of origin of PTH chief cells
, central neurogenic diabetes insipidus inadequate synthesis/secretion of ADH/AVP due to
head injury/pituitary tumor/brain tumor; produce lots of dilute urine (cannot concentrate
urine)
chemical nature of catecholamines benzene ring with hydroxyl groups
chronic regulation increased stress is increased sympathetic activity, now cortisol comes into
play and gives more conversion of NE/EPI via stimulation of PNMT (more EPI in blood)
circadian control systems optimizing body function under different situations
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
1) released from
2) hormone it activates
3) stimulate/inhibit
4) target cells/organ
5) physiological function 1) PVN
2) ACTH
3) stimulation
4) corticotroph; adrenal glands
5) cortisol and ALDO
do hydrophilic hormones have a longer or shorter half life than hydrophobic hormones
shorter, they circulate free form; hydrophobic hormones have binding protein which
increases half life
dopamine (prolactin inhibiting hormone)
1) released from
2) hormone it activates
3) stimulate/inhibit
4) target cells/organ
5) physiological function 1) Arc
2) PRL
3) inhibit
3 components of endocrine system gland, hormone, target organ/cell
accretion synthesis at site of resorption to remove calcium and phosphate from blood
acidophils somatotrophs, lactotrophs
acute regulation of EPI/NE increased sympathetic activity increases TH, so you get increased
EPI/NE (no negative feedback because another result is increased secretion)
adrenal gland hormones ALDO, CORT, EPI, NE
adrenergic receptors EPI/NE receptors, divided into alpha and beta
allostatic mechanisms help respond to environmental changes or stresses
Arc arcuate nucleus
are autocrine hormones released into the blood no, interstitial fluid
are catecholamines hydrophilic yes, circulate in blood free form
are endocrine hormones secreted into the blood yes
are neurocrine hormones secreted into the blood yes
are paracrine hormones released into the blood no, interstitial fluid
are peptide hormones hydrophilic yes, circulate in blood free form
are steroid hormones hydrophilic no, need binding protein
are thyroid hormones hydrophilic no, need binding protein
AVN anterior hypothalamus
basophil types corticotrophs, thyrotrophs, gonadotrophs
calcitonin calcitropic, decrease blood calcium
cardiovascular effects of EPI/NE increase blood supply to muscles/nutrient
producers/nutrient needers (heart, brain, muscle)
cell of origin of PTH chief cells
, central neurogenic diabetes insipidus inadequate synthesis/secretion of ADH/AVP due to
head injury/pituitary tumor/brain tumor; produce lots of dilute urine (cannot concentrate
urine)
chemical nature of catecholamines benzene ring with hydroxyl groups
chronic regulation increased stress is increased sympathetic activity, now cortisol comes into
play and gives more conversion of NE/EPI via stimulation of PNMT (more EPI in blood)
circadian control systems optimizing body function under different situations
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
1) released from
2) hormone it activates
3) stimulate/inhibit
4) target cells/organ
5) physiological function 1) PVN
2) ACTH
3) stimulation
4) corticotroph; adrenal glands
5) cortisol and ALDO
do hydrophilic hormones have a longer or shorter half life than hydrophobic hormones
shorter, they circulate free form; hydrophobic hormones have binding protein which
increases half life
dopamine (prolactin inhibiting hormone)
1) released from
2) hormone it activates
3) stimulate/inhibit
4) target cells/organ
5) physiological function 1) Arc
2) PRL
3) inhibit
