SIFT Study Guide UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia) - CORRECT ANSWER - An object in motion (or at
rest) will tend to stay in motion (or at rest) until it is acted upon by an outside force.
Interia - CORRECT ANSWER - The tendency of an object to resist a change in velocity
whether the object is in motion or motionless
kinetic friction - CORRECT ANSWER - when the surface of one object slides along the
surface of another object, static friction overcome. size of the friction force increases with an
object's weight.
fluid friction - CORRECT ANSWER - a friction force that opposes the motion of an object
through a fluid (liquid or gas)
rolling friction - CORRECT ANSWER - friction that occurs when an object rolls over a
surface
static friction - CORRECT ANSWER - a friction force that acts on objects that are not
moving by an external force, always equal to the force applied to the object.
Newton's Second Law - CORRECT ANSWER - F=ma
Force equals mass times acceleration
Newton's Third Law - CORRECT ANSWER - For every action force there is an equal and
opposite reaction force
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation - CORRECT ANSWER - a particle attracts every
other particle in the universe with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their
masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
,Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Equation - CORRECT ANSWER -
Bernoulli's Principle - CORRECT ANSWER - as the velocity of a fluid increases, the
pressure exerted by the fluid decreases (hydrodynamics)
weight - CORRECT ANSWER - force of gravity pushing the aircraft down
lift - CORRECT ANSWER - force required to raise the aircraft
thrust - CORRECT ANSWER - force applied to move aircraft forward
drag - CORRECT ANSWER - force that slows the aircraft down in prep for landing
Empty Weight Center of Gravity (EWCG) - CORRECT ANSWER - predetermined
calculation of an aircraft's weight and balance
Manufacturer's Empty Weight (MEW) - CORRECT ANSWER - Total weight of the
aircraft as it was built.
Operating Empty Weight (OEW) - CORRECT ANSWER - MEW plus the weight of the
crew, fluids, unusable fuel, and the equipment required for flight.
All-Up Weight (AUW) or Aircraft Gross Weight (AGW) - CORRECT ANSWER - Total
aircraft weight at any given moment during a flight
decreases as fuel and fluids are consumed during the operation
Maximum Landing Weight (MLW) - CORRECT ANSWER - Aircraft's weight limit for
landing
, Maximum Zero Fuel Weight (MZFW) - CORRECT ANSWER - Permissible weight of an
aircraft with its contents and includes unusable fuel. excludes the weight of usable fuel on board
Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) - CORRECT ANSWER - aircraft's weight limit for
takeoff
Maximum Ramp Weight (MRW) - CORRECT ANSWER - The weight limit for an aircraft
to taxi or be towed on the ground.
Flight Envelope - CORRECT ANSWER - Encompasses the limits of speed, altitude, and
angle of attack required by any aircraft to maintain a stable flight.
Angle of Attack (AOA) - CORRECT ANSWER - The angle between the direction of
airflow against the wing and the chord
Downwash - CORRECT ANSWER - the downward movement of air behind a wing in
flight
Ailerons - CORRECT ANSWER - Located on the trailing edge of the wing to provide roll
control
Flaps - CORRECT ANSWER - Control surfaces attached to the trailing edge of the wing
extending outward from the fuselage to the midpoint of each wing. can increase the lifting
efficiency of the wing and decrease stall speed.
Spoilers - CORRECT ANSWER - devices located on the wings that disrupt the airflow
over the wing causing loss of lift, reduce airspeed, and aid in landing
Parasite Drag - CORRECT ANSWER - low air pressure in tires, skin friction, or anything
that increases turbulence on the aircraft
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia) - CORRECT ANSWER - An object in motion (or at
rest) will tend to stay in motion (or at rest) until it is acted upon by an outside force.
Interia - CORRECT ANSWER - The tendency of an object to resist a change in velocity
whether the object is in motion or motionless
kinetic friction - CORRECT ANSWER - when the surface of one object slides along the
surface of another object, static friction overcome. size of the friction force increases with an
object's weight.
fluid friction - CORRECT ANSWER - a friction force that opposes the motion of an object
through a fluid (liquid or gas)
rolling friction - CORRECT ANSWER - friction that occurs when an object rolls over a
surface
static friction - CORRECT ANSWER - a friction force that acts on objects that are not
moving by an external force, always equal to the force applied to the object.
Newton's Second Law - CORRECT ANSWER - F=ma
Force equals mass times acceleration
Newton's Third Law - CORRECT ANSWER - For every action force there is an equal and
opposite reaction force
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation - CORRECT ANSWER - a particle attracts every
other particle in the universe with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their
masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
,Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Equation - CORRECT ANSWER -
Bernoulli's Principle - CORRECT ANSWER - as the velocity of a fluid increases, the
pressure exerted by the fluid decreases (hydrodynamics)
weight - CORRECT ANSWER - force of gravity pushing the aircraft down
lift - CORRECT ANSWER - force required to raise the aircraft
thrust - CORRECT ANSWER - force applied to move aircraft forward
drag - CORRECT ANSWER - force that slows the aircraft down in prep for landing
Empty Weight Center of Gravity (EWCG) - CORRECT ANSWER - predetermined
calculation of an aircraft's weight and balance
Manufacturer's Empty Weight (MEW) - CORRECT ANSWER - Total weight of the
aircraft as it was built.
Operating Empty Weight (OEW) - CORRECT ANSWER - MEW plus the weight of the
crew, fluids, unusable fuel, and the equipment required for flight.
All-Up Weight (AUW) or Aircraft Gross Weight (AGW) - CORRECT ANSWER - Total
aircraft weight at any given moment during a flight
decreases as fuel and fluids are consumed during the operation
Maximum Landing Weight (MLW) - CORRECT ANSWER - Aircraft's weight limit for
landing
, Maximum Zero Fuel Weight (MZFW) - CORRECT ANSWER - Permissible weight of an
aircraft with its contents and includes unusable fuel. excludes the weight of usable fuel on board
Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) - CORRECT ANSWER - aircraft's weight limit for
takeoff
Maximum Ramp Weight (MRW) - CORRECT ANSWER - The weight limit for an aircraft
to taxi or be towed on the ground.
Flight Envelope - CORRECT ANSWER - Encompasses the limits of speed, altitude, and
angle of attack required by any aircraft to maintain a stable flight.
Angle of Attack (AOA) - CORRECT ANSWER - The angle between the direction of
airflow against the wing and the chord
Downwash - CORRECT ANSWER - the downward movement of air behind a wing in
flight
Ailerons - CORRECT ANSWER - Located on the trailing edge of the wing to provide roll
control
Flaps - CORRECT ANSWER - Control surfaces attached to the trailing edge of the wing
extending outward from the fuselage to the midpoint of each wing. can increase the lifting
efficiency of the wing and decrease stall speed.
Spoilers - CORRECT ANSWER - devices located on the wings that disrupt the airflow
over the wing causing loss of lift, reduce airspeed, and aid in landing
Parasite Drag - CORRECT ANSWER - low air pressure in tires, skin friction, or anything
that increases turbulence on the aircraft
