AS254 Exam 2
What were the two pre-war plans for mobilizing airlines? - ANS-Voluntary (contracts) &
Impressment (military draft)
COMPROMISE FOR MOBILIZING AIRLINES - ANS-Voluntary Impressment
VOLUNTARY IMPRESSMENT - ANS-Airlines draft 50% of people and assets for military.
Airlines operate remainder of military orders.
Air Transport - ANS-Movement of people and cargos in support of deployed forces.
The Hump Operation - ANS-Contract crew begin lift, 100 drafted airline crews start military
phase of lift. By 1943, military-trained personnel did most flying and support activities.
EARLY INTEGRATION OF AIRLINE SKILLS AND RESOURCES UNDERPINNED SUCCESS
OF HUMP AIRLIFT - ANS-Airline personnel maximized productivity by teaching military to
conduct high-utilization operations.
US Airline industry emerged from WWII in position of global leadership - ANS-Global experience
in high density ops, modern planes and engines, controlled 90% of global airline capacity.
WASP - ANS-Women Air Force Service Pilots
Why did the WASP Program end? - ANS-Women were flying because they needed pilots and
no male pilots were available. Once more men pilots came about, they pushed the women out
of their jobs.
Gorrell-Arnold Plan - ANS-Priority was getting hundreds of modern-transports and thousands of
skilled personnel of commercial airlines into war effort.
Airline executives met at the Wings Club in NY and either volunteered up front or they drew lots.
30+ airlines went into service immediately, other went later.
What did the airlines teach the military about productivity? - ANS-One crew could produce 2-3
hours of flight time. So they hired 3-4 crews for each aircraft so that they could have
approximately 12-15 hours of flight time daily.
The also taught them to do as much routine maintenance as possible when planes refuel so you
don't have to take them out of work for days at a time.
Airline market expansion in the 1940s depended on what? - ANS-Operating with cost/benefit
tradeoffs attractive to middle class passengers
Improved Reliability and safety
, Developing a mass market required what? - ANS-safe, high-density operations and reductions
in service standards to reduce fares and improved safety to increase popular willingness to fly.
Nonsked airlines proved practicality of budget travel by ordinary passengers. - ANS-They
engaged in bootleg scheduled operations
They challenged Civil Aeronautics Board's control of the industry.
Public pressure & certificate carrier demands forced CAB to adjust its regulations. - ANS-Closed
nonsked airlines by the hundreds.
Certified coach class flight and fares by major airlines and public demand.
2 class market became the norm.
New navigation systems improved reliability - ANS-Terminal radar control
VHF Omni-directional radio range (VOR)
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
Military Approach Aid - ANS-Ground controlled approach (CGA)
radar based, controller guides pilot down
Civilian Approach Aid - ANS-Instrument landing system (ILS) beacon based, pilot guides self
down
WAS THERE POTENTIAL FOR HIGH DENSITY, LOW COST OPERATIONS? - ANS-YES, BUT
THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE THAT THEY COULD BE DONE SAFELY.
BERLIN AIRLIFT - ANS-THE KEY TO OPERATIONS WAS INDUSTRIAL PRECISION
UTILIZING RADAR FOR EN-ROUTE & TERMINAL NAVIGATION.
First Fare Wars - ANS-Reacting to competition from nonsked, Capital Airlines introduced the
first coach fares. Reluctantly approved by CAB but then became very popular as regular people
began flying.
General Smith's initial innovations in Air Traffic Control - ANS-Tighter spacing and altitude
separation.
Planes sent out in 3 minute intervals.
Separate planes by altitude instead of longer time intervals.
Tunners procedural innovations - ANS-Timing, airspeeds, go arounds.
Climb at precise speeds on precise headings.
Accurate position reports.
Role of radar control - ANS-Controllers could determine (not pilots) cloud clearings.
Controlled all approaches.
What were the two pre-war plans for mobilizing airlines? - ANS-Voluntary (contracts) &
Impressment (military draft)
COMPROMISE FOR MOBILIZING AIRLINES - ANS-Voluntary Impressment
VOLUNTARY IMPRESSMENT - ANS-Airlines draft 50% of people and assets for military.
Airlines operate remainder of military orders.
Air Transport - ANS-Movement of people and cargos in support of deployed forces.
The Hump Operation - ANS-Contract crew begin lift, 100 drafted airline crews start military
phase of lift. By 1943, military-trained personnel did most flying and support activities.
EARLY INTEGRATION OF AIRLINE SKILLS AND RESOURCES UNDERPINNED SUCCESS
OF HUMP AIRLIFT - ANS-Airline personnel maximized productivity by teaching military to
conduct high-utilization operations.
US Airline industry emerged from WWII in position of global leadership - ANS-Global experience
in high density ops, modern planes and engines, controlled 90% of global airline capacity.
WASP - ANS-Women Air Force Service Pilots
Why did the WASP Program end? - ANS-Women were flying because they needed pilots and
no male pilots were available. Once more men pilots came about, they pushed the women out
of their jobs.
Gorrell-Arnold Plan - ANS-Priority was getting hundreds of modern-transports and thousands of
skilled personnel of commercial airlines into war effort.
Airline executives met at the Wings Club in NY and either volunteered up front or they drew lots.
30+ airlines went into service immediately, other went later.
What did the airlines teach the military about productivity? - ANS-One crew could produce 2-3
hours of flight time. So they hired 3-4 crews for each aircraft so that they could have
approximately 12-15 hours of flight time daily.
The also taught them to do as much routine maintenance as possible when planes refuel so you
don't have to take them out of work for days at a time.
Airline market expansion in the 1940s depended on what? - ANS-Operating with cost/benefit
tradeoffs attractive to middle class passengers
Improved Reliability and safety
, Developing a mass market required what? - ANS-safe, high-density operations and reductions
in service standards to reduce fares and improved safety to increase popular willingness to fly.
Nonsked airlines proved practicality of budget travel by ordinary passengers. - ANS-They
engaged in bootleg scheduled operations
They challenged Civil Aeronautics Board's control of the industry.
Public pressure & certificate carrier demands forced CAB to adjust its regulations. - ANS-Closed
nonsked airlines by the hundreds.
Certified coach class flight and fares by major airlines and public demand.
2 class market became the norm.
New navigation systems improved reliability - ANS-Terminal radar control
VHF Omni-directional radio range (VOR)
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
Military Approach Aid - ANS-Ground controlled approach (CGA)
radar based, controller guides pilot down
Civilian Approach Aid - ANS-Instrument landing system (ILS) beacon based, pilot guides self
down
WAS THERE POTENTIAL FOR HIGH DENSITY, LOW COST OPERATIONS? - ANS-YES, BUT
THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE THAT THEY COULD BE DONE SAFELY.
BERLIN AIRLIFT - ANS-THE KEY TO OPERATIONS WAS INDUSTRIAL PRECISION
UTILIZING RADAR FOR EN-ROUTE & TERMINAL NAVIGATION.
First Fare Wars - ANS-Reacting to competition from nonsked, Capital Airlines introduced the
first coach fares. Reluctantly approved by CAB but then became very popular as regular people
began flying.
General Smith's initial innovations in Air Traffic Control - ANS-Tighter spacing and altitude
separation.
Planes sent out in 3 minute intervals.
Separate planes by altitude instead of longer time intervals.
Tunners procedural innovations - ANS-Timing, airspeeds, go arounds.
Climb at precise speeds on precise headings.
Accurate position reports.
Role of radar control - ANS-Controllers could determine (not pilots) cloud clearings.
Controlled all approaches.
