Exam 2 IT
Uses of Databases in Nursing - ANS-Websearch Engine
library databases
Electronic patient record
TABLES ARE STRUCTURES ON WHICH DATABASES ARE BUILT.
WE NEED DATA TO ANSWER QUESTIONS AND IMPROVE OUTCOMES.
Examples of databases you may use as a student nurse: - ANS-Track clinical requirements
ex. Immunizations, CPR, CastleBranch
Create e-portfolios
Schedule clinical lab experiences
Learning management system
ex. Blackboard, ATI,
Databases in the healthcare setting - ANS--Tracking licensure
-Tracking clinical competencies
-Continuing Education hours
-Scheduling nursing staff
-Track patient adverse events
ex. Falls, pressure ulcers
Incident reports
ANATOMY OF A DATABASE - ANS-•Tables
•Forms
•Queries
•Reports
Tables - ANS-Serve as the foundation of the database. Tables contain all of the data. Each table
in a database has a particular relationship to another table in the database.
Queries - ANS-Used to ask questions on one or more related tables. Queries are one of the
characteristics that make databases so POWERFUL!!!
Boolean Logic Querying - ANS-"AND" searches for both terms
"OR" searches for one or the other
"NOT" excludes a term
,Query Search Requirements - ANS-Terminology must be standardized
Aspirin "ASA"
Heart attack Myocardial infarction
Colon Intestine
Forms - ANS-add, edit, and view data from a table or a query
Reports - ANS-displays data from a data query
Database Concepts and Terminology - ANS-1. Identify the purpose of the database
2. Identify the question or queries that aggregated data can answer
3. Make a list of all data requirements necessary to draw conclusions from the questions asked
of the data.
Data - ANS-facts without meaning for example the number 37
Field/Attribute - ANS-smallest structure in a database
field name - ANS-the label applied to a field
record(tuple) - ANS-all the information abour a single"member" of a table
table (entity or file) - ANS-a collection of related information.A table consisits of records and
each record is made up of a number of fields
Data models - ANS-refers to a way the data is organized
Flat
Hierarchial
Network
Relational
Object oriented
flat database - ANS-has all of the data located in one table
-spreadsheet workshhet in the simplest flat database model
heriarchal database - ANS-early database model,
organized in the shape of an inverted tree, like an organizational chart. In this organizational
plan, often called a tree structure, records are linked to a base, or root, but through successive
layers.
, NETWORK MODEL - ANS-is similar to the hierarchical model, but the trees can share
branches. Because of the data structure, the network model is also complex and inflexible.
RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL - ANS-more flexible than the hierarchical and network
models. In a relational database model, there can be two or more tables that are connected by
identical information in fields in each table that are called key fields. This allows the data in a
record from one table to be matched to any piece or pieces of data in records in another table.
OBJECT ORIENTED MODEL - ANS-functions with object programming languages, making a
more powerful tool. Because it provides better management of complex data relationships, it is
more suited to applications such as hospital patient record systems, which have complex
relationships between data.
SECONDARY DATA USE - ANS-•Use of health information for purposes beyond direct patient
care.
•It is critical to verify that safeguards are in place to be sure that the data is fully
de-identified—that is, all identifiers such as the name of the patient, record number, or social
security number are removed. Ideally, a statistician will determine that there is only a very small
chance that secondary data can be combined with public sources of information to identify an
individual. For clinicians to learn answers to clinical care questions, they must use the agency
policies that safeguard patients' rights, while also providing for the secondary use of data.
DATA MINING - ANS-is a form of research, using existing data to see what, if any, relationships
are present. It uses complex statistical techniques to uncover hidden relationships that are
predictive of some outcome.
Example:
Altman and Tatonetti used data mining to determine that the combination of paroxetine and
pravastatin caused an increase in blood sugar.
Best research evidence - clinically relevant research including outcomes and effectiveness of
patient care.
Clinical expertise - the ability to use clinical skills and past experience to rapidly identify each
patient's unique health state and diagnosis, individual risks and benefits of potential
interventions and personal values and expectations
Patients values - unique preferences, concerns, and expectations that each patient brings to a
clinical encounter (IOM, 2001) - ANS-Evidence-based practice
Information literacy - ANS-refers to the awareness that there is "a need to know" information,
the ability to find it, analyze it for validity and relevance, and interpret it for use
Uses of Databases in Nursing - ANS-Websearch Engine
library databases
Electronic patient record
TABLES ARE STRUCTURES ON WHICH DATABASES ARE BUILT.
WE NEED DATA TO ANSWER QUESTIONS AND IMPROVE OUTCOMES.
Examples of databases you may use as a student nurse: - ANS-Track clinical requirements
ex. Immunizations, CPR, CastleBranch
Create e-portfolios
Schedule clinical lab experiences
Learning management system
ex. Blackboard, ATI,
Databases in the healthcare setting - ANS--Tracking licensure
-Tracking clinical competencies
-Continuing Education hours
-Scheduling nursing staff
-Track patient adverse events
ex. Falls, pressure ulcers
Incident reports
ANATOMY OF A DATABASE - ANS-•Tables
•Forms
•Queries
•Reports
Tables - ANS-Serve as the foundation of the database. Tables contain all of the data. Each table
in a database has a particular relationship to another table in the database.
Queries - ANS-Used to ask questions on one or more related tables. Queries are one of the
characteristics that make databases so POWERFUL!!!
Boolean Logic Querying - ANS-"AND" searches for both terms
"OR" searches for one or the other
"NOT" excludes a term
,Query Search Requirements - ANS-Terminology must be standardized
Aspirin "ASA"
Heart attack Myocardial infarction
Colon Intestine
Forms - ANS-add, edit, and view data from a table or a query
Reports - ANS-displays data from a data query
Database Concepts and Terminology - ANS-1. Identify the purpose of the database
2. Identify the question or queries that aggregated data can answer
3. Make a list of all data requirements necessary to draw conclusions from the questions asked
of the data.
Data - ANS-facts without meaning for example the number 37
Field/Attribute - ANS-smallest structure in a database
field name - ANS-the label applied to a field
record(tuple) - ANS-all the information abour a single"member" of a table
table (entity or file) - ANS-a collection of related information.A table consisits of records and
each record is made up of a number of fields
Data models - ANS-refers to a way the data is organized
Flat
Hierarchial
Network
Relational
Object oriented
flat database - ANS-has all of the data located in one table
-spreadsheet workshhet in the simplest flat database model
heriarchal database - ANS-early database model,
organized in the shape of an inverted tree, like an organizational chart. In this organizational
plan, often called a tree structure, records are linked to a base, or root, but through successive
layers.
, NETWORK MODEL - ANS-is similar to the hierarchical model, but the trees can share
branches. Because of the data structure, the network model is also complex and inflexible.
RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL - ANS-more flexible than the hierarchical and network
models. In a relational database model, there can be two or more tables that are connected by
identical information in fields in each table that are called key fields. This allows the data in a
record from one table to be matched to any piece or pieces of data in records in another table.
OBJECT ORIENTED MODEL - ANS-functions with object programming languages, making a
more powerful tool. Because it provides better management of complex data relationships, it is
more suited to applications such as hospital patient record systems, which have complex
relationships between data.
SECONDARY DATA USE - ANS-•Use of health information for purposes beyond direct patient
care.
•It is critical to verify that safeguards are in place to be sure that the data is fully
de-identified—that is, all identifiers such as the name of the patient, record number, or social
security number are removed. Ideally, a statistician will determine that there is only a very small
chance that secondary data can be combined with public sources of information to identify an
individual. For clinicians to learn answers to clinical care questions, they must use the agency
policies that safeguard patients' rights, while also providing for the secondary use of data.
DATA MINING - ANS-is a form of research, using existing data to see what, if any, relationships
are present. It uses complex statistical techniques to uncover hidden relationships that are
predictive of some outcome.
Example:
Altman and Tatonetti used data mining to determine that the combination of paroxetine and
pravastatin caused an increase in blood sugar.
Best research evidence - clinically relevant research including outcomes and effectiveness of
patient care.
Clinical expertise - the ability to use clinical skills and past experience to rapidly identify each
patient's unique health state and diagnosis, individual risks and benefits of potential
interventions and personal values and expectations
Patients values - unique preferences, concerns, and expectations that each patient brings to a
clinical encounter (IOM, 2001) - ANS-Evidence-based practice
Information literacy - ANS-refers to the awareness that there is "a need to know" information,
the ability to find it, analyze it for validity and relevance, and interpret it for use
