March 25
CLTM Exam Complete Questions and Correct Detailed Answers
(Verified Answers)
name the 10-10 midline electrodes from nasion to inion
Ans: NZ, FPZ, AFZ, FZ, FCZ, CZ, CPZ, PZ, POZ, OZ, IZ
this measures hemodynamic responses to activity
Ans: fMRI/MRI
this measures CBF
Ans: ictal SPECT
this maps the dipole source for an abnormality
Ans: MEG
this measures the hippocampal sclerosis
Ans: fMRI/MRI
which imaging performs functional mapping?
Ans: MEG
what performs memory or language testing?
pg. 1
, March 25
Ans: WADA
this measures glucose metabolism/hypometabolism
Ans: PET scan
what test measures hypoperfusion?
Ans: ictal SPECT
what level epilepsy center provides epilepsy care evaluation in primary care
physicans' office or ER?
Ans: Level 1
describe Level 2 epilepsy center care
Ans: consultation with a general neurologist in a specialized epilepsy center
what is the difference between a Level 3 and 4 epilepsy center?
Ans: Level 3 - epilepsy center with basic neurodiagnostic evaluation providing
medical, neurophysiological, and psychosocial services
Level 4 - epilepsy center with advanced neurodiagnostic evaluation providing
extensive medical, neurophysiological, and psychosocial services including complex
epilepsy surgery
what are the epilepsy surgical criteria?
pg. 2
, March 25
Ans: 1. seizures need to be focal
2. seizures are not controlled with AEDs (must have failed at least 2 first line AEDs)
3. seizures must be in a non-functional area (excluding the language, motor, and/or
memory areas of brain)
describe the Glascow Coma Scale (GCS)
Ans: 3 categories of eye opening, verbal response, and motor response
scores between 3-15
3-8 = severe TBI
Repetitive Nerve Stimulator (RNS)
Ans: - treats focal and partial seizures
- 18 y.o.+
- in addition to AEDs
- battery pack under skin on skull
- used for TLE, Ohtahara Syndrome, FCD
what epilepsies can RNS be used for?
Ans: - TLE
- Ohtahara Syndrome
- FCD
Vagus Nerve Stimulator (VNS)
pg. 3
, March 25
Ans: - treats focal and partial seizures *that are drug resistant or refractory
- 4 y.o.+
- in addition to AEDs
- pulse of electrical activity to a specific part of the brain via the vagus nerve
- used for RC20, TLE, FLE, CDKL5, Ohtahara, SCN8A, SW, EME, Dravet, Angelman, LGS,
FCD, Rett
Deep Brain Stimulator (DBS)
Ans: - treats disabling neurological symptoms (Parkinson's Disease, tremors,
dystonia, focal epilepsy (drug resistant seizures))
- 18 y.o.+
- electrical stimulation to specific areas of brain causing seizures
- stimulator in the chest; electrodes = depth
what are ketogenic diets used for?
Ans: treats refractory epilepsy in children typically after 2-3 failed AEDs
what does Epidolex treat?
Ans: LGS and Dravet Syndrome
describe Epidolex
pg. 4
CLTM Exam Complete Questions and Correct Detailed Answers
(Verified Answers)
name the 10-10 midline electrodes from nasion to inion
Ans: NZ, FPZ, AFZ, FZ, FCZ, CZ, CPZ, PZ, POZ, OZ, IZ
this measures hemodynamic responses to activity
Ans: fMRI/MRI
this measures CBF
Ans: ictal SPECT
this maps the dipole source for an abnormality
Ans: MEG
this measures the hippocampal sclerosis
Ans: fMRI/MRI
which imaging performs functional mapping?
Ans: MEG
what performs memory or language testing?
pg. 1
, March 25
Ans: WADA
this measures glucose metabolism/hypometabolism
Ans: PET scan
what test measures hypoperfusion?
Ans: ictal SPECT
what level epilepsy center provides epilepsy care evaluation in primary care
physicans' office or ER?
Ans: Level 1
describe Level 2 epilepsy center care
Ans: consultation with a general neurologist in a specialized epilepsy center
what is the difference between a Level 3 and 4 epilepsy center?
Ans: Level 3 - epilepsy center with basic neurodiagnostic evaluation providing
medical, neurophysiological, and psychosocial services
Level 4 - epilepsy center with advanced neurodiagnostic evaluation providing
extensive medical, neurophysiological, and psychosocial services including complex
epilepsy surgery
what are the epilepsy surgical criteria?
pg. 2
, March 25
Ans: 1. seizures need to be focal
2. seizures are not controlled with AEDs (must have failed at least 2 first line AEDs)
3. seizures must be in a non-functional area (excluding the language, motor, and/or
memory areas of brain)
describe the Glascow Coma Scale (GCS)
Ans: 3 categories of eye opening, verbal response, and motor response
scores between 3-15
3-8 = severe TBI
Repetitive Nerve Stimulator (RNS)
Ans: - treats focal and partial seizures
- 18 y.o.+
- in addition to AEDs
- battery pack under skin on skull
- used for TLE, Ohtahara Syndrome, FCD
what epilepsies can RNS be used for?
Ans: - TLE
- Ohtahara Syndrome
- FCD
Vagus Nerve Stimulator (VNS)
pg. 3
, March 25
Ans: - treats focal and partial seizures *that are drug resistant or refractory
- 4 y.o.+
- in addition to AEDs
- pulse of electrical activity to a specific part of the brain via the vagus nerve
- used for RC20, TLE, FLE, CDKL5, Ohtahara, SCN8A, SW, EME, Dravet, Angelman, LGS,
FCD, Rett
Deep Brain Stimulator (DBS)
Ans: - treats disabling neurological symptoms (Parkinson's Disease, tremors,
dystonia, focal epilepsy (drug resistant seizures))
- 18 y.o.+
- electrical stimulation to specific areas of brain causing seizures
- stimulator in the chest; electrodes = depth
what are ketogenic diets used for?
Ans: treats refractory epilepsy in children typically after 2-3 failed AEDs
what does Epidolex treat?
Ans: LGS and Dravet Syndrome
describe Epidolex
pg. 4
