Exam 2
Chance - ANS-This term is used to represent the percentage of time a specific result is
expected to occur when the same basic procedure is repeated over and over again, where each
repetition is independent.
Frequency Theory - ANS-A theory used to define "chance" as it relates to chance processes
that can be continuously repeated under the same conditions with the same possible outcomes
for every repetition.
Abraham de Moivre - ANS-One of the early founders of the formal study of the frequency theory
of chance who wrote the book "The Doctrine of Chances."
Unconditional Chance - ANS-When NO conditions are put on previous outcomes in the
consideration of the chance of a later outcome.
Conditional Chance - ANS-When the chance of a later outcome puts a condition on a previous
outcome.
Multiplication Rule - ANS-The rule of chance that states, "The chance that both of two things
happen is the chance the first will happen multiplied by the chance the second will happen given
that the first happened."
Independent - ANS-The term used to describe two outcomes where each always maintains the
same chance of happening, whether or not the other has happened.
Dependent - ANS-The term used to describe two outcomes where the chance of each
happening changes depending on whether or not the other has happened.
Probabilist - ANS-A mathematician who specializes in computing probabilities of complex
events.
Mutually Exclusive - ANS-A term we use to indicate two things where the occurrence of one of
the things means the other thing cannot happen.
Addition Rule - ANS-A rule of chance that states, "To find the chance that at least one of two
things will happen, check to see if they are mutually exclusive, and if they are, add the
chances."
The Paradox of the Chevalier de Mere - ANS-A contradiction from the seventeenth century
where the chance of obtaining at least one outcome on a die or a pair of dice was
overestimated.
Chance - ANS-This term is used to represent the percentage of time a specific result is
expected to occur when the same basic procedure is repeated over and over again, where each
repetition is independent.
Frequency Theory - ANS-A theory used to define "chance" as it relates to chance processes
that can be continuously repeated under the same conditions with the same possible outcomes
for every repetition.
Abraham de Moivre - ANS-One of the early founders of the formal study of the frequency theory
of chance who wrote the book "The Doctrine of Chances."
Unconditional Chance - ANS-When NO conditions are put on previous outcomes in the
consideration of the chance of a later outcome.
Conditional Chance - ANS-When the chance of a later outcome puts a condition on a previous
outcome.
Multiplication Rule - ANS-The rule of chance that states, "The chance that both of two things
happen is the chance the first will happen multiplied by the chance the second will happen given
that the first happened."
Independent - ANS-The term used to describe two outcomes where each always maintains the
same chance of happening, whether or not the other has happened.
Dependent - ANS-The term used to describe two outcomes where the chance of each
happening changes depending on whether or not the other has happened.
Probabilist - ANS-A mathematician who specializes in computing probabilities of complex
events.
Mutually Exclusive - ANS-A term we use to indicate two things where the occurrence of one of
the things means the other thing cannot happen.
Addition Rule - ANS-A rule of chance that states, "To find the chance that at least one of two
things will happen, check to see if they are mutually exclusive, and if they are, add the
chances."
The Paradox of the Chevalier de Mere - ANS-A contradiction from the seventeenth century
where the chance of obtaining at least one outcome on a die or a pair of dice was
overestimated.
